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. 2025 Sep 15;14(18):3203. doi: 10.3390/foods14183203
ADP Average Degree of Polymerization
AMD Age-Related Macular Degeneration
AS Atherosclerosis
BSA Bovine Serum Albumin
C Catechin
Col I Type I Collagen
DES Deep Eutectic Solvents
DP Degree of Polymerization
DW Dry Weight
EC Epicatechin
EGC Epigallocatechin
ESI-MS Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
FAS Fatty Acid Synthase
FW Fresh Weight
GC Gallocatechin
HILIC-MS Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
HILIC-UV Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet
HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
HSFs Human Skin Fibroblasts
HUVECs Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
LC-MS/MS Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MAE Microwave-Assisted Extraction
MALDI-TOF-MS Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
MS Mass Spectrometry
NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
NP Normal-Phase
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
RP Reversed-Phase
RPE Retinal Pigment Epithelial
SBPs Sea Buckthorn Proanthocyanidins
SOD Superoxide Dismutase
UAE Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
UHPLC-MS/MS Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
UV Ultraviolet
XO Xanthine Oxidase