a-SMA	a-Smooth Muscle Actin
ACT	Adoptive Cytotoxic T cell transfer
apCAFs	Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
BMP-4	Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4
CAFs	Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
CCL	Chemokine (C-C motif) Ligand
CD	Cluster of Differentiation
CDK4-6	Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4-6
CDKN2A	Cyclin-Dependent Kinase inhibitor 2A
CSCs	Cancer Stem Cells
CTLA-4	Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4
CXCL	C-X-C motive chemokine ligand
CXCR	C-X-C chemokine receptor
DPPIV	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV
ECM	Extracellular Matrix
EGF	Epidermal Growth Factor
EMT	Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
FAP	Fibroblast Activation Protein
FGF	Fibroblast Growth Factor
FUS	Fused in Sarcoma protein
FUSIP1	FUS-Interacting Protein 1
Gal-1	Galectin-1
gp130	Glycoprotein 130
HGF	Hepatocyte Growth Factor
HIF	Hypoxia-Inducible Factor
HNSCC	Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
HPV	Human Papillomavirus
iCAFs	Inflammation Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
ICIs	Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors
IGF-2	Insulin-like Growth Factor-2
IL-	Interleukin-
JAKs	Janus Activated Kinases
MAP3K2	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 2
matCAFs	Matrix Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
M-CSF	Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
MDSCs	Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
MET	Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition
MIF	Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
myCAFs	Myofibroblastic Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
NF- κB	Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NG2	Neuron-Glial antigen 2
PD1-L	Programmed cell death protein 1 ligand
PD1-R	Programmed cell death protein 1 receptor
PDGFR	Platelet-Derived Growth Factor receptor
pRb	Retinoblastoma protein
PTPLAD1	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-Like A Domain Containing 1
RICs	Regeneration-initiating cells
ROCs	Regeneration-organising cells
SLC25A40	Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 40
SPIN1	Spindlin 1
STAT3	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3
TAMs	Tumour-Associated Macrophages
TGFβ	Transforming Growth Factor β
TME	Tumour Microenvironment
TNFa	Tumour Necrosis Factor α
TNFb	Tumour Necrosis Factor β
Treg	Regulatory T cells
TRIM23	Tripartite Motive Containing 23
VEGF	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor