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. 2025 Sep 10;26(18):8828. doi: 10.3390/ijms26188828
AKT AK strain transforming
ALDH Aldehyde dehydrogenase
APC Anaphase promoting complex
ATM Ataxia telangiectasia mutated
ATR Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein
ATRIP ATR interacting protein
BARD1 BRCA1-Associated RING Domain 1
BRCA1 Breast Cancer gene 1
Bub1 Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1
Cdc Cell division cycle
Cdh1 Cdc20 homolog 1
CDKs Cyclin-dependent kinases
Chk1/2 Checkpoint kinase 1/2
CK1γ1 Casein kinase 1 gamma 1
DDB Damaged DNA binding protein
EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ETAA1 Ewing’s tumor-associated antigen 1
FANC Fanconi
FANCD2 Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D2
GSK3-β Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3-beta
HER2 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2
HNF-1β hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta
Ki67 Antigen Kiel 67
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinases
MCM Mini-chromosome maintenance
MSH6 MutS homolog 6
mTOR Mammalian target of Rapamycin
OZF Only Zinc-Finger
PCNA Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
PDK1 Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
PD-L1 Programmed death ligand 1
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PMS2 Postmeiotic segregation increased 2
Pol/POL Polymerases
pRb Retinoblastoma protein
RAD51 DNA repair protein
Ras Rat sarcoma oncogene
RFC Replication Factor C
RPA Replication protein A
SCFβTrCP Skp1-Cullin-F-box-protein ubiquitin ligase complex
SLF2 SMC5-SMC6 Complex Localization Factor 2
STAT3 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
Tim Timeless
TOPBP1 Topoisomerase II binding protein 1
TRIM21 Tripartite motif protein 21
USP Ubiquitin-specific proteases
3′-UTR 3′-untranslated region
XPC Xeroderma pigmentosum protein C