| ACE-1 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 |
| ACE-2 | angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| AIP | plasma atherogenic index |
| ARD | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| CD147 | cluster of differentiation 147 |
| COVID-19 | coronavirus disease 2019 |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| GCF | gingival crevicular fluid |
| HbA1c | glycosylated hemoglobin |
| HGEC | human gingival epithelial cells |
| IL-6R | IL-6 receptor |
| IL | interleukin |
| iNOS | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinases |
| NET | neutrophil extracellular traps |
| NETosis | generation of NET |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa B |
| NLR | NOD-like receptor |
| NLRP-3 | NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| PGE2 | prostaglandin E2 |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear cells |
| RANKL | receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand |
| SARS-CoV-2 | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor beta |
| Th1 cells | type 1 T helper cells |
| TIMPs | tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases |
| TMPRSS-2 | transmembrane serine protease 2 |
| TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor alpha |