AD	Alzheimer’s disease.
ADHD	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
AMPA	α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid.
APP	Amyloid precursor protein.
ARM	Age-Related Microglia.
ASD	Autism spectrum disorder.
ATF-4	Activating transcription factor.
Aβ	Amyloid-beta.
BDNF	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor.
Bmp2	Bone morphogenetic protein.
CCL2	C-C motif ligand 2.
Clec7a	C-type lectin domain family 7 member A.
CNS	Central nervous system.
CX3CR1	C-X3-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1.
CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8.
DAM	Disease-Associated Microglia.
DAMP	Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns.
DM	Dark Microglia.
DOHaD	Developmental Origins of Health and Disease.
dsRNA	Double-stranded Ribonucleic acid.
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase.
ERRα	Estrogen receptor-related receptor.
FGF2	Fibroblast Growth Factor.
GD	Gestational day.
GFAP	Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein.
GM-CSF	Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor.
Gpx3	Glutathione peroxidase 3.
HIF-1	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1.
HPAA	Hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis.
IDE	Insulin-degrading enzyme.
IGF1	Insulin-like grown factor.
IKK	Complex IκB kinase complex.
iNOS	Inducible NO synthase.
IRF3	Interferon Regulatory Factor 3.
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinases.
LDAM	Late Disease-Associated Microglia.
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide.
LTP	Long-term potentiation.
LTD	Long-term depression.
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase.
MCP-1	Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1.
MD-2	Myeloid Differentiation Factor 2).
MeCP2	Methyl-CpG-binding Protein 2.
MGnD	Microglial Neurodegenerative Phenotype.
MHC	Major histocompatibility complex.
MIA	Maternal immune activation.
MyD88	Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88.
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-kappa B.
NLRP3 inflammasome	NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome.
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate.
NPCs	Neural progenitor cells.
NR3C1	Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1.
NSCs	Neural stem cells.
P2RY12	Purinergic Receptor 12.
p75NTR	p75 Neurotrophin Receptor.
PAMP	Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns.
PD	Parkinson’s disease.
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor.
Poly I:C	Polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid.
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.
PTEN	Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog.
RAGE	Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products.
ROS	Reactive oxygen species.
Sall1	Spalt-Like transcription factor 1.
STAT3	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3.
SUMO	Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier.
TAK1	Transforming Growth Factor β-Activated Kinase 1.
TBK1	TANK-binding kinase 1.
TGF-β1	Transforming growth factor beta 1.
TLR	Toll-Like Receptor.
TMEM119	Transmembrane Protein 119.
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor.
TORCH	Toxoplasma, Other, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes.
TRAF	TNF receptor-associated factor.
TREM2	Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells.
TRIF	TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β.
UPR	Unfolded stress response.
VEGFα	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A.
WAM	White Matter-Associated Microglia.