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. 2025 Sep 17;14(18):6549. doi: 10.3390/jcm14186549
HL Hearing loss
YLDs Years lived with disability
PTA Pure tone audiometry
AC Air conduction
BC Bone conduction
ABG Air–bone gap
ML Machine learning
DL Deep learning
AI Artificial intelligence
HBDC Hearing Big Data Center
DNN Deep Neural Network
LSTM Long Short-Term Memory
BiLSTM Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory
RF Random Forest
XGB Extreme Gradient Boosting
SMOTE Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique
MSE Mean squared error
CIs Confidence intervals
ABR Auditory brainstem response
OAE Otoacoustic emissions