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. 2025 Sep 12;14(18):6436. doi: 10.3390/jcm14186436
ASC Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell
CPT Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia
CSBD Critical-sized bone defect
ECM Extracellular matrix
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
eLSS Extended Lane and Sandhu Scale
FDA United States Food and Drug Administration
GMP Good Manufacturing Practice
GS Grafting surgery
HA/TCP Hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate
IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor-1
IHC Immunohistochemistry
ODD Orphan Drug Designation
rhBMP Recombinant human bone morphogenic protein
μCT Micro-computed tomography
VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor