AC	abdominal circumference
ALP	alkaline phosphatase
ALT	alanine transaminase
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
apoA-I	apolipoprotein A-I
apoB	apolipoprotein B
BCAAs	branched-chain amino acids
BMI	body mass index
CE	capillary electrophoresis
DASH	Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
DBP	diastolic blood pressure
DEXA	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
DHA	docosahexaenoic acid
DHEA	dehydroepiandrosterone
DSHEA	Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
EFSA	European Food Safety Authority
EPA	eicosapentaenoic acid
FBG	fasting blood glucose
FBI	fasting blood insulin
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FSH	follicle-stimulating hormone
FT-IR	fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
GC-MS	gas chromatography-MS
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1
GLUT4	glucose transporter-4
HbA1c	glycated hemoglobin
HC	hip circumference
HDL-C	high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HOMA-IR	homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
hs-CRP	high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
IL	interleukin
IR	insulin resistance
LC-MS	liquid chromatography-MS
LDL-C	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
LH	luteinizing hormone
Lp(a)	lipoprotein(a)
LPIR	lipoprotein insulin resistance
MAFLD	metabolically associated fatty liver disease
MedDiet	Mediterranean Diet
MetS	metabolic syndrome
MHO	metabolically healthy obesity
MO	morbid obesity
MRI	magnetic resonance imaging
MS	mass spectrometry
MUO	metabolically unhealthy obesity
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa B
NMR	nuclear magnetic resonance
PCOS	polycystic ovary syndrome
PUFAs	polyunsaturated fatty acids
RCT	randomized controlled trial
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SBP	systolic blood pressure
SCFAs	short-chain fatty acids
sdLDL	small, dense LDL
T2D	type 2 diabetes
TAC	total antioxidant capacity
TC	thigh circumference
TCh	total cholesterol
TGs	triglycerides
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TRL-P	triglyceride-rich lipoprotein
VLDL	very-low-density lipoproteins
WC	waist circumference
WHO	World Health Organisation
WHR	waist-to-hip ratio