Table 8.
Concentrations of PCDD/F in food from cattle, sorted by year of publication.
| Reference | Source of PCDD/F | Feeding time | Mean food concentration (pg TEQ/g) | Tissue | No. of animals | Mean tissue concentration (pg TEQ/g fat) | Range of tissue concentration (pg TEQ/g) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jensen et al. 1981 | Experimental | 28 days | 24 ± 5 | Fat | 7 | 84 | 66–95 |
| Liver | 7 | 8.2 | 7–10 | ||||
| Kidney | 7 | 7 | 6–8 | ||||
| Muscle | 7 | 2 | 2 | ||||
| Jones et al. 1989 | Single oral dose in grain | 1 dose | ~ 3557 | Fat | 2 | 105 | 80–130 |
| Single oral dose in soil | 1 dose | ~ 3557 | Fat | 2 | 155 | 130–180 | |
| McLachlan et al. 1990 | None | NA | 6.9 | Milk | 1 | 1.39 | |
| Jilg et al. 1992 | Hay grown in contaminated soil (1,944 pg TEQ/g dw) | 19 weeks | 2 (range 0.5–8.7) | Plasma | 4 | 1.95 | 0.8–4.1 |
| Fat | 4 | 1.1 | 0.6–2.8 | ||||
| Muscle | 4 | 1.75 | 1.3–2.8 | ||||
| Milk (weeks 1–19) | 4 | 1.88 | 0.8–3.0 | ||||
| Milk (weeks 20–28) | 3 | 1.13 | 0.6–2.1 | ||||
| McLachlan et al. 1994 | None | 6 months | 0.19 (dw) | Milk | 12 | 0.9 | |
| None | 6 months | 0.22 (dw) | Milk | 12 | 1.3 | ||
| Silage from sludge- treated land | 6 months | 0.35 (dw) | Milk | 12 | 1.2 | ||
| Silage from sludge- treated land | 6 months | 1.2 (dw) | Milk | 12 | 2.3 | ||
| Schecter et al. 1994 | None | NA | Beef | 4 | 0.578 (ww) | 0.04–1.5 (ww) | |
| NA | Dairy | 5 | 0.348 (ww) | 0.04–0.7 (ww) | |||
| Winters et al. 1996 | None | NA | Back fat | 63 | 0.35 (SE 0.08) | < LOD–3.8 | |
| Fiedler et al. 1997 | None | NA | Fat | 3 | 0.67 ± 0.17 | 0.528–1.1 | |
| NA | Dairy fat | 9 | 0.77 ± 0.10 | 0.416–0.970 | |||
| Feil and Ellis 1998 | None | NA | Perirenal fat | 20 | 4.1275 (ww) | 0.3341–30.8373 | |
| McLachlan and Richter 1998 | None | 12 weeks | 0.2 (dw) | Milk (whole) | 4 | 0.015 (whole milk) | 0.010–0.02 (whole milk) |
| Silage from sludge- treated land | 17 days | 3.2 (dw) | Milk (whole) | 4 | 0.049 (day 23) | 0.031–0.069 (day 23) | |
| Fries et al. 1999 | None | NA | Milk | 4 | 0.315 | ||
| PCP-treated wood | 58 days | 0.289 (dw) | Milk | 4 | 5.518 | ||
| Richter and McLachlan 2001 | None | 10 weeks | 0.2 (dw) | Muscle | 2 | 0.41 | 0.30–0.51 |
| Fat | 2 | 0.47 | 0.34–0.61 | ||||
| Liver | 2 | 6.5 | 5.1–7.9 | ||||
| Kidney | 2 | 0.50 | 0.41–0.58 | ||||
| Silage from sludge- treated land | 17 days | 3.2 (dw) | Muscle | 2 | 0.70 | 0.54–0.91 | |
| Fat | 2 | 0.64 | 0.49–0.79 | ||||
| Liver | 2 | 20.5 | 17.0–24.0 | ||||
| Kidney | 2 | 0.74 | 0.61–0.86 | ||||
| Thorpe et al. 2001 | None (testing at 31 weeks) | 28 days | NA | Liver | 4 | 3.9 | |
| Muscle | 4 | 5.9 | |||||
| Fat | 4 | 3.7 | |||||
| Prepared pellets (testing at 31 weeks) | 28 days | ~ 41.3 (330,000 pg TEQ/day) | Liver | 4 | 118.5 | ||
| Muscle | 4 | 57.3 | |||||
| Fat | 4 | 27.2 |
Abbreviations: dw, dry weight; LOD, limit of detection; NA, no data available; PCP, pentachlorophenol.