Skip to main content
. 2025 Sep 2;61(9):1588. doi: 10.3390/medicina61091588
CLBP Chronic low back pain
D5W Dextrose 5% in Water
DPQ Dallas Pain Questionnaire
FBSS Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
GBD Global Burden of Disease
LBP Low back pain
LSS Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
mL milliliter
MPQ McGill Pain Questionnaire
NRS numerical rating scale
NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
ODI Oswestry Disability Index
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews
RCT Randomized double-blind clinical trial
RoB 2 Risk of Bias 2
SF-36 36-Item Short Form Survey
SI sacroiliac
SIJD Sacroiliac joint dysfunction
TENS Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
USA The United States of America
USG Ultrasound-guided
US Ultrasound
VAS Visual Analog Scale
YLDs years lived with disability