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. 2025 Aug 27;18(9):1277. doi: 10.3390/ph18091277
FQs Fluoroquinolones
CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FQAD Fluoroquinolone Associated Disability
GI Gastrointestinal
CNS Central Nervous System
GABA γ-aminobutyric acid
CPX Ciprofloxacin
NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate)
ACh Acetylcholine
DMV Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the vagus
LC Locus Coeruleus
VNS Vagus Nerve Stimulation
CTL Control
AMX Amoxicillin
PSI Proximal Small Intestine
MSI Middle Small Intestine
DSI Distal Small Intestine
LMM Linear Mixed effects Model
EMMs Estimated Marginal Means