AchE	acetylcholinesterase
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
Akt	serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
ANOVA	analysis of variance
ApoE	apolipoprotein E
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
Aβ40	amyloid beta protein 40
BACE1	beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (β-secretase 1)
BBB	blood–brain barrier
BCA	bicinchoninic acid
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BuChE	butyrylcholinesterase
bw	body weight
CA	cinnamaldehyde
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CLE	cinnamon leaf extract
CLEN	cinnamon leaf extract nanoemulsion
CAT	catalase
CNS	Chinese National Standard
DHA	docosahexaenoic acid
DJ-1	parkinsonian disease protein 7/parkinsonism-associated deglycase
DLS	dynamic light scattering
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
EPA	eicosapentaenoic acid
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
ESI	electrospray ionization
GABRA1	gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha 1
GABRA5	gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha 5
GABRB2	gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor beta 2
GABRG2	gamma aminobutyric acid A receptor gamma 2
GLUT1	glucose transporter type 1
GSH-Px	glutathione peroxidase
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HE	high-dose extract
HLB	hydrophilic–lipophilic balance
HN	high-dose cinnamon leaf extract nanoemulsion
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
HRP	horseradish peroxidase
IACUC	Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
IL-1β	interleukin 1 beta
IRS-1	insulin resistance substrate 1
LDL	low-density lipoprotein
LE	low-dose extract
LN	low-dose cinnamon leaf extract nanoemulsion
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MAO	monoamine oxidase
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDA	malondialdehyde
ME	medium-dose extract
MN	medium-dose cinnamon leaf extract nanoemulsion
MRM	multiple reaction monitoring
N	normal/control group
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa beta
NO	nitric oxide
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NT-3	neurotrophin 3
8-oxodG	8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine
PBS	phosphate-buffered saline
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PDI	polydispersity index
PH	cinnamon powder in hydrosol
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKA	protein kinase A
PW	cinnamon powder in water
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RSD	relative standard deviation
SABC	horseradish–streptavidin biotin conjugate
SOD	superoxide dismutase
STZ	streptozotocin
Tau	tubulin-associated unit protein
TCA	trans-cinnamaldehyde
TEM	transmission electron microscopy
TMB	3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
UPLC-MS/MS	ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
USFDA	United States Food and Drug Administration
UV	ultraviolet
Wnt	wingless-related integration site
5XFAD	5 familial Alzheimer’s disease mutation mice model