| WHO | World Health Organization |
| PTT | Photothermal therapy |
| PTAs | Photothermal agents |
| NIR | Near-infrared |
| MPE | Maximum permissible exposure |
| ANSI | American National Standards Institute |
| NIR-II | Second near-infrared |
| PCE | Photothermal conversion efficiency |
| AuNPs | Gold nanoparticles |
| SPR | Surface plasmon resonance |
| LSPR | localized surface plasmon resonance |
| GSM | GNR@SiO2@MnO2 |
| AuHNRs | Hollow gold nanorods |
| M-AuHNRs | Microscale hollow gold nanorods |
| CuS | Copper sulfide |
| Ag2S | Silver sulfide |
| PbS | Lead sulfide |
| FeS | Iron sulfide |
| 5FU | 5-fluorouracil |
| CuAAC | Copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition |
| CuS NPs | Copper sulfide nanoparticles |
| RBCm | Red blood cell membrane |
| tMCP | CpG/protamine |
| NCS | Non-stoichiometric copper sulfide |
| BCS NPs | Biomineralized copper sulfide nanoparticles |
| SERS | Surface-enhanced Raman scattering |
| 2D | two-dimensional |
| AT-CuS NCs | Atomic-thin 2D CuS nanocrystals |
| HMNC | Hollow magnetite nanocluster |
| AuNCs@SiO2 | Silica-encapsulated self-assembled gold nanochains |
| H-SiOx-PEG NPs | Hollow silicon oxide nanoparticles |
| CNPs | carbon materials |
| COFs | covalent organic frameworks |
| HPP | Hollow carbon nanosphere modified with polyethylene glycol-graft-polyethylenimine |
| QDs | Quantum dots |
| GQDs | Graphene quantum dots |
| EPR | Enhanced permeability and retention |
| CQDs | Carbon quantum dots |
| CCS | Cet-CDs-SNO |
| OPTAs | Organic photothermal agents |
| IPTAs | Inorganic photothermal agents |
| PPTAs | polymer-based photothermal agents |
| MPTAs | molecule photothermal agents |
| D-A | donor-acceptor |
| PBTPBF-BT | Thieno-isoindigo derivative-based D-A polymer |
| DPP-IID-FA | Diketopyrrole polymer |
| PDCDT | Semiconducting copolymer poly [(diketopyrrolopyrrole-cyclopentadithiophene)-ran-(diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiadiazoquinoline)] |
| ICG | Indocyanine green |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| PPy | Polypyrrole |
| Se | Selenium |
| Te | Tellurium |
| PDT | Photodynamic therapy |
| O2 | Molecular oxygen |
| PS | Photosensitizer |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| CN-NPs | Carbon nitride nanoparticles |
| PTCDA | Perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride |
| SnO2−x@SiO2-HA | Oxygen-deficient black tin oxide nanoparticles |
| HA | Hyaluronic acid |
| ICB | Immune checkpoint blockade |
| CAR-T | Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell |
| TAAs | Tumor-associated antigens |
| DCs | Dendritic cells |
| APC | Antigen-presenting cell |
| bmNPs | biomimetic nanoplatforms |
| DAMPs | Damage-associated molecular patterns |
| ICD | Immunogenic cell death |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| CBI | checkpoint blockade immunotherapy |
| NK | Natural killer |
| CTLs | Cytotoxic T lymphocytes |
| ITME | Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment |
| TAMs | Tumor-associated macrophages |
| CRT | Calreticulin |
| HMGB1 | High-mobility group box 1 protein |
| MDR | Multidrug resistance |
| DOX | Doxorubicin |
| PCM | Phase change materials |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| AuMC | AuHNR@MnO2@CS |
| CS | Chitosan |
| TME | Tumor microenvironment |
| CDT | Chemodynamic therapy |
| BCC | Basal cell carcinoma |
| SCC | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| ISPI | In situ photoimmunotherapy |
| CLR | Complete local response |
| GSN | Gold silica nanoshells |
| LITT | laser interstitial thermal therapy |
| SCLC | Small cell lung cancer |
| NSCLC | Non-small cell lung cancer |
| LUAD | Lung adenocarcinoma |