Table 3.

Clinical outcomes: pain intensity (VAS), foot function (FFI), and patient satisfaction at each time point. Note: Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses.

	Neuromodulation (Mean ± SD, 95% CI)	Shockwave Therapy (Mean ± SD, 95% CI)	Orthotic Supports (Mean ± SD, 95% CI)
VAS (Pre-treatment)	7.8 ± 1.2 (7.4–8.2)	7.7 ± 1.1 (7.3–8.1)	7.8 ± 1.0 (7.4–8.2)
VAS (1 month)	5.4 ± 1.3 (5.0–5.8)	5.5 ± 1.2 (5.2–5.8)	5.6 ± 1.1 (5.3–5.9)
VAS (6 months)	1.5 ± 1.4 (1.0–2.0)	1.8 ± 1.6 (1.3–2.3)	1.9 ± 1.5 (1.4–2.4)
FFI (Pre-treatment)	76 ± 7 (72–80)	75 ± 6 (72–78)	76 ± 5 (73–79)
FFI (1 month)	52 ± 6 (48–56)	53 ± 5 (50–56)	54 ± 4 (51–57)
FFI (6 months)	30 ± 6 (26–34)	32 ± 5 (29–35)	33 ± 4 (30–36)
Satisfaction	4.2 ± 0.9 (3.8–4.6)	4.0 ± 0.8 (3.7–4.3)	3.9 ± 0.7 (3.6–4.2)