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. 2025 Sep 12;12(9):881. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12090881
AMR Antimicrobial resistance
AMU Antimicrobial use
KAP Knowledge, attitudes, and practices
WHO World Health Organization
LMICs Low-to-middle income countries
FAO Food and Agricultural Organization
ESC Extended-spectrum cephalosporin
ESBL/AmpC Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC beta-lactamases
ARGs Antimicrobial resistance genes
PICO Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome
BPS Backyard production systems
FQr Fluoroquinolone-resistant
MDR Multidrug-resistant