Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 28;42(10):5238–5254. doi: 10.1007/s12325-025-03327-z

Table 2.

Summary of efficacy endpoint results: mean (SE) values and mean change (SE) from baseline values of Zenroot™ versus placebo

Sr. no Measurement parameter Mean (SE) values Mean change (SE) from baseline values
Baseline Day 14 Day 28 Day 56 Day 84 Day 14 Day 28 Day 56 Day 84
ZEN Placebo ZEN Placebo ZEN Placebo ZEN Placebo ZEN Placebo ZEN Placebo ZEN Placebo ZEN Placebo ZEN Placebo
1 Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)

22.10

(0.30)

22.20

(0.30)

20.30

(0.30)

20.80

(0.30)

18.10

(0.30)

20.60

(0.40)

16.20

(0.30)

21.30

(0.40)

14.70

(0.30)

22.90

(0.40)

− 1.80

(0.30)

− 1.30

(0.30)

− 4.00

(0.30)

− 1.50

(0.40)

− 5.90

(0.30)

− 0.80

(0.40)

− 7.40

(0.30)

0.80

(0.40)
p value 0.9206 0.2886  < .0001*  < .0001*  < .0001* 0.2302  < .0001*  < .0001*  < .0001*
2 Mindfield eSense Skin Response Assessment (SCR/min)

9.28

(0.42)

8.25

(0.38)

7.33

(0.44)

8.11

(0.44)

6.73

(0.43)

7.63

(0.41)

6.21

(0.41)

6.61

(0.42)

5.30

(0.36)

5.95

(0.48)

− 1.88

(0.60)

− 0.14

(0.52)

− 2.58

(0.53)

− 0.66

(0.61)

− 3.01

(0.54)

− 1.73

(0.54)

− 4.02

(0.55)

− 2.30

(0.61)
p value 0.0708# 0.2123 0.1385 0.4996 0.2785 0.0347* 0.0209* 0.0788# 0.0336*
3 Mindfield eSense PULSE—Heart Rate Variability Assessment (RMSSD)

36.07

(3.08)

48.74

(3.31)

45.23

(4.27)

37.57

(2.81)

37.57

(3.46)

39.16

(3.40)

32.80

(3.48)

34.40

(3.31)

32.81

(3.86)

37.94

(3.79)

9.22

(21.82)

− 11.17

(3.49)

1.50

(4.10)

− 9.58

(4.66)

− 3.27

(3.93)

− 14.01

(4.49)

− 3.26

(4.08)

− 10.80

(5.05)
p value 0.0064* 0.1342 0.7410 0.7410 0.3456  < .0001* 0.0783# 0.0756# 0.2504
4 Mindfield eSense PULSE—Heart Rate Variability Assessment (SDNN)

53.47

(3.12)

67.35

(3.59)

62.12

(4.36)

56.10

(2.92)

57.65

(3.92)

58.14

(3.59)

49.27

(3.65)

51.50

(3.43)

50.16

(4.29)

55.20

(3.85)

8.29

(3.62)

− 11.25

(3.30)

4.18

(3.83)

− 9.22

(4.68)

− 4.20

(3.55)

− 15.75

(4.28)

− 3.31

(4.01)

− 12.16

(4.87)
p value 0.0046* 0.2505 0.9206 0.6559 0.3828 0.0001* 0.0298* 0.0409* 0.1653
5 Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) Score

18.90

(0.80)

18.20

(0.80)

18.20

(0.80)

18.50

(0.90)

15.00

(0.60)

18.40

(0.70)

12.60

(0.60)

19.70

(0.80)

10.60

(0.60)

20.60

(0.60)

− 0.70

(0.70)

0.30

(0.70)

− 3.90

(0.80)

0.20

(0.70)

− 6.20

(0.80)

1.50

(0.60)

− 8.30

(0.70)

2.30

(0.60)
p value 0.5556 0.7649 0.0008*  < .0001*  < .0001* 0.3106 0.0002*  < .0001*  < .0001*
6 Profile of Mood States (POMS) Score

77.70

(5.60)

76.70

(5.80)

71.20

(4.50)

73.10

(5.00)

55.30

(3.10)

62.80

(3.80)

37.00

(3.00)

81.50

(5.30)

23.70

(3.60)

92.80

(3.70)

− 6.50

(3.00)

− 3.60

(3.70)

− 22.40

(3.90)

− 14.00

(4.40)

− 40.60

(4.20)

4.80

(3.40)

− 54.00

(4.60)

16.10

(3.90)
p value 0.9206 0.7780 0.1281  < .0001*  < .0001* 0.5501 0.1568  < .0001*  < .0001*
7 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Global Score

7.10

(0.20)

6.90

(0.20)

 – –

5.70

(0.20)

6.30

(0.20)

4.60

(0.20)

6.20

(0.20)

4.10

(0.20)

7.00

(0.30)

 – –

− 1.40

(0.20)

− 0.60

(0.10)

− 2.60

(0.20)

− 0.70

(0.30)

− 3.00

(0.20)

0.10

(0.30)
p value 0.4563 - 0.0279*  < .0001*  < .0001* – 0.0006*  < .0001*  < .0001*
8 Serum Cortisol level (μg/dL)

8.59

(0.46)

8.33

(0.51)

8.25

(0.46)

7.91

(0.36)

 – –

7.75

(0.48)

8.01

(0.55)

7.22

(0.41)

6.77

(0.41)

-0.35

(0.41)

-0.23

(0.43)

 – –

− 1.05

(0.46)

− 0.43

(0.56)

− 1.44

(0.52)

− 1.55

(0.46)
p value 0.6995 0.5671 – 0.7299 0.4407 0.8420 – 0.3921 0.8629
9 Salivary alpha-amylase level (U/L)

2291.70

(462.00)

2037.60

(224.70)

 – – – –

2239.30

(349.50)

3492.80

(394.80)

1899.10

(351.60)

2414.50

(416.60)

 – – – –

− 52.40

(531.70)

1406.00

(401.40)

− 392.70

(561.00)

376.90

(489.00)
p value 0.6184 – – 0.0197* 0.3481 – – 0.0314* 0.3016

*p < 0.05 Significance over placebo

#p > 0.05 but p < 0.1 Trend over placebo