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. 2025 Mar 22;39(5):853–861. doi: 10.1007/s10877-025-01284-0

Table 2.

Methods used for advanced haemodynamic monitoring in their hospitals and how often they use it. Data are shown as percentage with absolute numbers

Frequently Rarely Never Technology
Not available
Pulse contour analysis (n = 1,079) 43% (459) 39% (422) 7% (72) 12% (126)
TTE (n = 1,079) 35% (377) 44% (480) 15% (158) 6% (64)
CVP monitoring (n = 1,079) 32% (347) 43% (466) 22% (242) 2% (24)
TOE (n = 1,079) 25% (275) 48% (515) 17% (179) 10% (110)
Transpulmonary thermodilution (n = 1,079) 25% (273) 49% (532) 12% (129) 13% (145)
Pulmonary artery catheter (n = 1,079) 5% (52) 37% (400) 29% (310) 29% (317)
Finger cuff method (n = 1,079) 2% (21) 11% (120) 20% (217) 67% (721)
Bioreactance / bioimpedance technology (n = 1,079) 1% (15) 7% (77) 16% (173) 75% (814)
Esophageal Doppler (n = 1,079) 1% (11) 13% (136) 27% (294) 59% (638)

CVP = Central venous pressure; TOE = Transesophageal echocardiography; TTE = Transthoracic echocardiography