Table 1.

Performance comparison between LTCOP-LSTM model and other traffic flow prediction models.

Dataset	Model	Processing time (s)	Resource utilization (%)	Hyperparameters	Training time (h)	Regression loss	Convergence speed (iterations)
METR-LA	LTCOP-LSTM	25.34	78.4	8	15.5	0.0237	120
	ARIMA	30.87	65.2	5	10.1	0.0453	150
	RF	32.45	62.8	7	12.3	0.0379	140
PeMS	LTCOP-LSTM	28.67	80.1	9	14.2	0.0195	110
	ARIMA	35.29	70.5	6	11.9	0.0491	155
	RF	36.10	68.3	8	12.5	0.0423	145
Taxi Trajectory	LTCOP-LSTM	22.45	82.7	10	16.2	0.0188	105
	ARIMA	29.15	66.1	5	10.7	0.0506	158
	RF	31.97	63.7	7	11.8	0.0395	140
ULTRA	LTCOP-LSTM	26.88	79.3	9	14.5	0.0214	115
	ARIMA	33.61	71.8	6	12.0	0.0467	152
	RF	34.75	69.5	8	12.9	0.0402	142