Table 5.

Evaluation of optimization results in real traffic environment.

Evaluation metric	Before optimization	After optimization
Average Traffic Flow (vehicles/h )	1453.72	1578.41
Congestion Duration (min)	42.68	18.23
Lane Utilization (%)	58.47	72.93
Average Travel Time (min)	36.81	31.56
Computation Time (s)	27.53	21.82
Prediction Accuracy (%)	87.14	91.37
System Throughput (vehicles/second)	2.48	3.05
Traffic Flow Fluctuation (%)	13.42	8.57
Lane Allocation Response Time (s)	18.92	12.73
Highway Exit Traffic Congestion (vehicles)	230.34	125.68