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Traffic performance under different ETC penetration rates (sensitivity analysis).
| ETC penetration rate γ\gamma | Average delay (s/vehicle) | Lane utilization (%) | Congestion duration (min) | Throughput (veh/h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30% | 61.4 | 54.2 | 38.5 | 1340 |
| 50% | 47.8 | 62.9 | 26.7 | 1492 |
| 70% | 34.6 | 70.4 | 19.2 | 1608 |
| 90% | 29.3 | 76.1 | 14.5 | 1691 |
Data obtained from simulation with SUMO under controlled parameter settings.
