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Confidence intervals and significance tests of key indicators (statistical analysis).
| Metric | Baseline mean | Proposed mean | 95% CI (Proposed) | p value (t-test) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congestion duration (min) | 42.7 | 18.2 | [16.4, 19.6] | < 0.001 |
| Lane utilization (%) | 58.5 | 72.9 | [70.1, 75.8] | < 0.001 |
| Throughput (veh/hr) | 1454 | 1578 | [1552, 1605] | 0.003 |
| Travel time (min) | 36.8 | 31.6 | [30.4, 32.5] | 0.007 |
Data obtained from simulation with SUMO under controlled parameter settings.
