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. 2025 Sep 26;15:33299. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17150-7

Table 7.

Efficiency criteria for various models.

Method ANN MLR GMDH GEP
MAE_train 118.13 433.44 153.42 195.70
MAE_test 130.13 460.41 208.32 241.43
MAE- All data 121.54 440.89 169.94 209.010
RMSE_train 195.51 610.93 209.34 280.73
RMSE_test 211.45 615.02 296.85 368.67
RMSE- All data 206.61 611.59 239.07 309.417
MAPE_train 8.59 51.95 16.1 16.53
MAPE_test 11.05 52.68 19.2 23.23
MAPE- All data 9.32 52.41 17.01 18.505
Inline graphic 0.981 0.754 0.973 0.949
Inline graphic 0.960 0.810 0.949 0.934
Inline graphic- All data 0.974 0.775 0.966 0.942
Average of errors 9.32 59.22 17.01 18.51
Standard deviation of errors 10.22 166.38 31.05 41.55