Table 2.
Independent associations of dHU with poor outcomes.
| Characteristics | Secondary neurological deterioration within 48 h |
Poor 3-month mRS score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | P-value | OR | 95%CI | P-value | |
| Age | 1.001 | 0.979–1.023 | 0.953 | 1.011 | 0.991–1.031 | 0.301 |
| Gender | 1.109 | 0.580–2.120 | 0.754 | 1.345 | 0.746–2.426 | 0.325 |
| Hypertension | 1.116 | 0.628–1.984 | 0.708 | 1.330 | 0.790–2.240 | 0.283 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.661 | 0.252–1.731 | 0.399 | 1.273 | 0.490–3.304 | 0.620 |
| SBP | 1.015 | 1.004–1.026 | 0.006 | 1.009 | 1.000–1.018 | 0.063 |
| DBP | 1.025 | 1.009–1.041 | 0.002 | 1.015 | 1.002–1.028 | 0.028 |
| Clinical/radiographic status at admission | ||||||
| Time from onset to baseline CT | 0.998 | 0.997–1.001 | 0.513 | 0.997 | 0.989–1.004 | 0.375 |
| Time from baseline CT to follow-up CT | 0.820 | 0.512–1.300 | 0.397 | 0.859 | 0.483–1.527 | 0.601 |
| GCS on admission | 0.812 | 0.716–0.920 | 0.001 | 0.620 | 0.752–0.924 | 0.001 |
| Hematoma volume | 1.093 | 1.063–1.125 | 0.000 | 1.037 | 1.020–1.055 | 0.000 |
| Laboratory testing | ||||||
| WBC | 1.071 | 0.990–1.159 | 0.087 | 1.078 | 1.006–1.156 | 0.032 |
| RBC | 1.157 | 0.776–1.723 | 0.474 | 1.014 | 0.711–1.447 | 0.937 |
| Hb | 1.004 | 0.989–1.019 | 0.596 | 1.002 | 0.988–1.015 | 0.795 |
| Platelet count | 0.999 | 0.995–1.003 | 0.734 | 0.998 | 0.995–1.002 | 0.431 |
| APTT | 0.941 | 0.884–1.002 | 0.056 | 0.996 | 0.941–1.053 | 0.883 |
| INR | 0.389 | 0.039–3.862 | 0.420 | 2.584 | 0.973–1.033 | 0.142 |
| PT | 0.420 | 0.757–1.146 | 0.500 | 0.976 | 0.920–1.035 | 0.417 |
| Fibrinogen | 1.373 | 0.951–1.982 | 0.090 | 1.058 | 0.884–1.268 | 0.538 |
| Radiographic status | ||||||
| Deep | 0.713 | 0.479–1.035 | 0.094 | 1.136 | 0.942–2.590 | 0.084 |
| Lobar | 1.065 | 0.188–6.027 | 0.943 | 0.295 | 0.570–1.529 | 0.146 |
| Infratentorial | 1.816 | 0.136–4.890 | 0.824 | 0.220 | 0.038–1.270 | 0.090 |
| Baseline CT, mean HU | ||||||
| Whole hematoma | 0.955 | 0.904–1.008 | 0.096 | 0.950 | 0.904–0.998 | 0.042 |
| hypo-area | 0.973 | 0.935–1.012 | 0.172 | 0.990 | 0.955–1.025 | 0.561 |
| hyper-area | 0.958 | 0.905–1.013 | 0.131 | 0.912 | 0.864–0.962 | 0.001 |
|
Difference between hypo and hyper area |
1.007 | 0.966–1.050 | 0.741 | 0.963 | 0.927–1.000 | 0.053 |
| Follow-up CT, mean HU | ||||||
| whole hematoma | 1.074 | 1.024–1.127 | 0.003 | 1.024 | 0.983–1.067 | 0.258 |
| hypo-area | 1.034 | 1.001–1.069 | 0.051 | 1.016 | 0.986–1.046 | 0.304 |
| hyper-area | 1.097 | 1.040–1.156 | 0.001 | 1.021 | 0.977–1.067 | 0.364 |
| Difference between hypo and hyper area | 1.008 | 0.972–1.046 | 0.653 | 0.992 | 0.960–1.025 | 0.637 |
| dHU | 1.111 | 1.056–1.168 | 0.000 | 1.059 | 1.016–1.104 | 0.007 |
| Multivariate analysis | ||||||
| Hematoma volume | 1.090 | 1.057–1.123 | 0.000 | 1.019 | 1.001–1.037 | 0.040 |
| GCS | 0.832 | 0.711–0.974 | 0.022 | 0.784 | 0.682–0.901 | 0.001 |
| SBP | 1.004 | 0.986–1.021 | 0.669 | - | - | - |
| DBP | 1.017 | 0.991–1.044 | 0.196 | 1.017 | 1.000–1.035 | 0.053 |
| HU of whole hematoma (initial CT) | - | - | - | 1.118 | 1.012–1.234 | 0.028 |
| HU of hyper-area (initial CT) | - | - | - | 0.839 | 0.756–0.930 | 0.001 |
| HU of whole hematoma (follow-up CT) | 0.948 | 0.856–1.049 | 0.298 | - | - | - |
| HU of hyper-area (follow-up CT) | 1.068 | 0.962–1.187 | 0.218 | - | - | - |
| dHU | 1.116 | 1.031–1.208 | 0.006 | 1.156 | 1.086–1.232 | 0.000 |
GCS, Glasgow coma scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count; Hb, hemoglobin; APTT, Activated partial thromboplastin time; PT, prothrombin time; INR, international normalized ratio; Hounsfield unit, HU; dHU = difference of mean HU.