Table 1.
Summary description of engine samples, chemical measurements, and toxicity measurements.
| Exhaust samplesa |
| Gasoline |
| G |
| G30 |
| WG |
| BG |
| Diesel |
| Diesel |
| D30 |
| HD |
| Chemical measurements (by class)b |
| Total particle and SVOC mass |
| Inorganic ions |
| Carbon (organic, elemental, thermal fractions) |
| Transition metals |
| Other metals |
| Metalloids |
| Nonmetal elements |
| Bicyclic or two-ring PAH organic compounds |
| Tricyclic or three-ring PAH organic compounds |
| Tetracyclic or four-ring PAH organic compounds |
| Five-ring PAH organic compounds |
| Six-ring PAH organic compounds |
| Seven-ring PAH organic compounds |
| Oxygenated PAH organic compounds (including quinones) |
| Sulfur-containing PAHs |
| Nitro-PAH organic compounds |
| Hopane/sterane organic compounds (unique to oil) |
| Toxicity measurementsc |
| Lung toxicity |
| Inflammation potency estimates |
| Lavage macrophages |
| Lavage neutrophils |
| Total lavage leukocytes |
| Histopathologic inflammation |
| Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 |
| Cytotoxicity potency estimates |
| Lactate dehydrogenase |
| Lavage protein |
| Histopathologic tissue injury |
| Parenchymal change potency estimates |
| Histopathologic structural remodeling |
| General toxicity potency estimates |
| Total histopathology |
| Lung weight as percentage of body weight |
| Bacterial mutagenicity |
| Mutagenicity potency estimates |
| TA98 − S9 |
| TA98 + S9 |
| TA100 − S9 |
| TA100 + S9 |
a
Described by Whitney (2000).
b
Described by Zielinska et al. (2004).
c
Described by Seagrave et al. (2002).