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. 2025 Sep 25;14(3):107008. doi: 10.5501/wjv.v14.i3.107008

Table 3.

Predictors of sustained viral load suppression among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Rwanda

Characteristics
Complete case analysis
Imputed datasets
Bivariate Multivariable Bivariate Multivariable
IRR (95%CI)
P value
aIRR (95%CI)
P value
IRR (95%CI)
P value
aIRR (95%CI)
P value
Age, year
    18-24 Reference - Reference - Reference - Reference -
    25-34 1.10 (0.86-1.40) 0.455 0.99 (0.83-1.19) 0.944 1.10 (0.86-1.40) 0.455 1.09 (0.87-1.35) 0.484
    35-44 1.03 (0.81-1.32) 0.792 0.94 (0.78-1.14) 0.540 1.03 (0.81-1.32) 0.792 1.03 (0.83-1.29) 0.776
    45-54 1.20 (0.94-1.52) 0.148 1.12 (0.92-1.35) 0.251 1.20 (0.94-1.52) 0.148 1.22 (0.97-1.52) 0.086
    ≥ 55 1.05 (0.81-1.37) 0.691 0.98 (0.80-1.22) 0.879 1.05 (0.81-1.37) 0.691 1.09 (0.85-1.36) 0.492
Gender
    Female Reference - Reference - Reference - Reference -
    Male 0.95 (0.89-1.02) 0.139 0.96 (0.89-1.03) 0.230 0.95 (0.89-1.02) 0.139 0.95 (0.89-1.02) 0.136
Education
    No education Reference - Reference - Reference - Reference -
    ≥ Primary 1.08 (1.01-1.16) 0.012a 1.09 (1.01-1.17) 0.031a 1.09 (1.02-1.16) 0.012a 1.09 (1.02-1.16) 0.012a
HIV status disclosed
    No Reference - Reference - Reference - Reference -
    Yes 0.99 (0.93-1.05) 0.733 1.00 (0.94-1.09) 0.840 0.99 (0.93-1.05) 0.771 1.00 (0.94-1.06) 0.952
Adherence
    < 90% Reference - Reference - Reference - Reference -
    ≥ 90% 1.09 (1.00-1.20) 0.050a 1.05 (0.96-1.15) 0.309 1.06 (0.99-1.15) 0.111 1.04 (0.96-1.12) 0.349
Advance HIV disease
    No Reference - Reference - Reference - Reference -
    Yes 0.87 (0.78-0.97) 0.014a 0.88 (0.79-0.99) 0.034a 0.89 (0.81-0.98) 0.020a 0.89 (0.82-0.98) 0.019a
Timing of ART initiation
    Before treat all Reference - Reference - Reference - Reference -
    After treat all 0.98 (0.92-1.04) 0.543 0.97 (0.90-1.05) 0.466 0.97 (0.92-1.04) 0.432 0.97 (0.91-1.04) 0.385
a

P < 0.05, indicates statistically significant results.

HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; ART: Antiretroviral therapy; IRR: Incidence risk ratio; aIRR: Adjusted incidence risk ratio; CI: Confidence interval.