Table 3.

Adverse reactions of novel macromolecular drugs.

Drug type	Specific drug	Adverse reaction	Incidence rate
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor	Pembrolizumab	Immune - related Pneumonitis	5% in non - small - cell lung cancer immunotherapy
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor	Pembrolizumab	Immune - related Pneumonitis	3% - 10%
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor	Pembrolizumab	Immune - related Thyroiditis	5% - 15%
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor	Nivolumab	Immune - related Pneumonitis	Approximately 4% - 8% in non - small - cell lung cancer treatment
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor	Nivolumab	Immune - related Pneumonitis	2% - 8%
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor	Nivolumab	Immune - related Thyroiditis	6% - 12%
ADC Drug	Ado - trastuzumab Emtansine (T - DM1)	Hematological Toxicity (Anemia)	40% - 60%
ADC Drug	Ado - trastuzumab Emtansine (T - DM1)	Hematological Toxicity (Thrombocytopenia)	20% - 40%
ADC Drug	Ado - trastuzumab Emtansine (T - DM1)	Liver and Kidney Function Damage	Hepatic Toxicity (Elevated Transaminases) approximately 10% - 20%; Renal Function Damage is relatively rare, 5% - 10%
ADC Drug	Ado - trastuzumab Emtansine (T - DM1)	Infusion - related Reaction	10% - 30%
ADC Drug	Ado - trastuzumab Emtansine (T - DM1)	Skin Toxicity	20% - 40%
ADC Drug	Sacituzumab Govitecan	Hematological Toxicity (Neutropenia)	50% - 70%
ADC Drug	Sacituzumab Govitecan	Diarrhea	30% - 50%
Nucleic Acid Drug (mRNA Drug)	Various mRNA Tumor - treating Drugs	Inflammatory Reaction at the Injection Site	10% - 30%
Nucleic Acid Drug (mRNA Drug)	Various mRNA Tumor - treating Drugs	Allergic Reaction	5% - 10%
Nucleic Acid Drug (mRNA Drug)	Various mRNA Tumor - treating Drugs	Off - target Effect	–
Nucleic Acid Drug (mRNA Drug)	siRNA Drug Targeting VEGF	Inflammatory Reaction at the Injection Site	10% - 20%
Nucleic Acid Drug (mRNA Drug)	siRNA Drug Targeting VEGF (Under Research)	Allergic Reaction	5% - 10%
Nucleic Acid Drug (mRNA Drug)	siRNA Drug Targeting VEGF (Under Research)	Off - target Effect	–