Table 3.
Average bias (between-item
in parentheses) and RMSE (between-item
in parentheses) on
parameters across all items per condition
| Design | Bias (
) |
RMSE (
) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L |
structure |
|
m | Lasso (obli) | Lasso (ortho) | Rotate | Lasso (obli) | Lasso (ortho) | Rotate |
| 3 | Simple | 0 | 3 | 0.001 (0.002) | 0.001 (0.002) |
0.001 (0.002) |
0.011 (0.002) | 0.011 (0.002) | 0.011 (0.002) |
| 3 | Simple | 0 | 5 | 0.002 (0.003) | 0.002 (0.003) |
0.001 (0.002) |
0.012 (0.004) | 0.012 (0.004) | 0.012 (0.004) |
| 3 | Simple | .3 | 3 | 0.002 (0.002) |
0.000 (0.001) |
0.001 (0.001) |
0.012 (0.003) | 0.012 (0.003) | 0.012 (0.003) |
| 3 | Simple | .3 | 5 | 0.003 (0.003) | 0.000 (0.002) |
0.001 (0.002) |
0.014 (0.004) | 0.013 (0.004) | 0.013 (0.004) |
| 3 | Complex | 0 | 3 | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.001 (0.002) | 0.011 (0.002) | 0.011 (0.002) | 0.011 (0.002) |
| 3 | Complex | 0 | 5 | 0.000 (0.002) | 0.002 (0.002) |
0.000 (0.002) |
0.013 (0.004) | 0.013 (0.004) | 0.013 (0.004) |
| 3 | Complex | .3 | 3 | 0.003 (0.001) |
0.000 (0.001) |
0.001 (0.001) |
0.013 (0.003) | 0.012 (0.003) | 0.012 (0.003) |
| 3 | Complex | .3 | 5 | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.000 (0.002) |
0.000 (0.002) |
0.014 (0.003) | 0.012 (0.003) | 0.012 (0.003) |
| 4 | Simple | 0 | 3 | 0.006 (0.005) | 0.006 (0.004) | 0.002 (0.003) | 0.013 (0.004) | 0.014 (0.003) | 0.013 (0.002) |
| 4 | Simple | 0 | 5 | 0.006 (0.002) | 0.009 (0.003) | 0.004 (0.002) | 0.014 (0.003) | 0.016 (0.003) | 0.015 (0.003) |
| 4 | Simple | .3 | 3 | 0.008 (0.006) | 0.005 (0.004) | 0.003 (0.003) | 0.015 (0.005) | 0.014 (0.003) | 0.013 (0.003) |
| 4 | Simple | .3 | 5 | 0.007 (0.003) | 0.006 (0.002) | 0.005 (0.002) | 0.015 (0.003) | 0.014 (0.002) | 0.014 (0.002) |
| 4 | Complex | 0 | 3 | 0.005 (0.003) | 0.005 (0.004) | 0.003 (0.003) | 0.014 (0.004) | 0.013 (0.004) | 0.013 (0.004) |
| 4 | Complex | 0 | 5 | 0.006 (0.002) | 0.008 (0.002) | 0.005 (0.002) | 0.015 (0.003) | 0.016 (0.003) | 0.014 (0.002) |
| 4 | Complex | .3 | 3 | 0.007 (0.002) | 0.005 (0.003) | 0.005 (0.003) | 0.015 (0.003) | 0.014 (0.003) | 0.014 (0.003) |
| 4 | Complex | .3 | 5 | 0.003 (0.003) | 0.005 (0.003) | 0.004 (0.003) | 0.018 (0.003) | 0.017 (0.004) | 0.016 (0.004) |
Note: Note that rotated models have the same
estimates regardless of rotation methods as those only affect
. obli = oblique (latent traits are a priori assumed to be correlated). ortho = orthogonal (latent traits are a priori assumed to be orthogonal). L = number of latent traits.
= true latent trait correlation. m = number of items per trait.