Table 4.
Average bias (
in parentheses) and RMSE (
in parentheses) on
parameters across all items per condition
| Design | Bias (
) |
RMSE (
) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L |
structure |
|
m | Lasso (obli) | Lasso (ortho) | Rotate | Lasso (obli) | Lasso (ortho) | Rotate |
| 3 | Simple | 0 | 3 |
0.007 (0.013) |
0.007 (0.014) |
0.007 (0.017) | 0.084 (0.029) | 0.084 (0.029) | 0.082 (0.030) |
| 3 | Simple | 0 | 5 |
0.006 (0.009) |
0.010 (0.027) |
0.004 (0.031) |
0.060 (0.018) | 0.062 (0.022) | 0.061 (0.022) |
| 3 | Simple | 0.3 | 3 |
0.007 (0.014) |
0.010 (0.012) | 0.013 (0.013) | 0.071 (0.020) | 0.075 (0.025) | 0.076 (0.026) |
| 3 | Simple | 0.3 | 5 |
0.013 (0.022) |
0.002 (0.020) |
0.001 (0.022) |
0.061 (0.023) | 0.060 (0.019) | 0.060 (0.019) |
| 3 | Complex | 0 | 3 | 0.006 (0.013) | 0.012 (0.015) | 0.015 (0.015) | 0.075 (0.023) | 0.076 (0.022) | 0.077 (0.022) |
| 3 | Complex | 0 | 5 |
0.005 (0.008) |
0.010 (0.021) |
0.005 (0.019) |
0.056 (0.013) | 0.058 (0.017) | 0.055 (0.014) |
| 3 | Complex | 0.3 | 3 |
0.007 (0.012) |
0.011 (0.010) | 0.013 (0.011) | 0.068 (0.018) | 0.074 (0.025) | 0.075 (0.024) |
| 3 | Complex | 0.3 | 5 |
0.014 (0.019) |
0.001 (0.012) |
0.000 (0.011) |
0.059 (0.018) | 0.056 (0.015) | 0.056 (0.014) |
| 4 | Simple | 0 | 3 |
0.076 (0.148) |
0.106 (0.214) |
0.071 (0.165) |
0.126 (0.134) | 0.156 (0.194) | 0.132 (0.144) |
| 4 | Simple | 0 | 5 |
0.069 (0.095) |
0.077 (0.104) |
0.068 (0.106) |
0.095 (0.087) | 0.102 (0.096) | 0.098 (0.095) |
| 4 | Simple | 0.3 | 3 |
0.077 (0.142) |
0.064 (0.147) |
0.057 (0.138) |
0.125 (0.124) | 0.122 (0.129) | 0.115 (0.120) |
| 4 | Simple | 0.3 | 5 |
0.059 (0.098) |
0.049 (0.088) |
0.048 (0.089) |
0.093 (0.088) | 0.085 (0.075) | 0.086 (0.075) |
| 4 | Complex | 0 | 3 |
0.068 (0.135) |
0.073 (0.209) |
0.066 (0.206) |
0.120 (0.122) | 0.133 (0.186) | 0.132 (0.182) |
| 4 | Complex | 0 | 5 |
0.064 (0.093) |
0.065 (0.093) |
0.064 (0.096) |
0.097 (0.081) | 0.096 (0.081) | 0.096 (0.082) |
| 4 | Complex | 0.3 | 3 |
0.067 (0.146) |
0.060 (0.173) |
0.060 (0.173) |
0.122 (0.131) | 0.126 (0.151) | 0.126 (0.150) |
| 4 | Complex | 0.3 | 5 |
0.059 (0.080) |
0.053 (0.076) |
0.053 (0.076) |
0.091 (0.071) | 0.086 (0.064) | 0.086 (0.064) |
Note: Note that rotated models have the same
estimates regardless of rotation methods as those only affect
. obli = oblique (latent traits are a priori assumed to be correlated). ortho = orthogonal (latent traits are a priori assumed to be orthogonal). L = number of latent traits.
= true latent trait correlation. m = number of items per trait.