Table 1.

Eponymous signs of tuberculosis (1768–1908)

Sign	Year	Description	Method	Significance
Whytt Sign5	1768	Tuberculous meningitis associated with hydrocephalus	Palpation	Tuberculosis meningitis
Jackson Sign9	1835	Prolonged expiratory sound at the apex of the lung in pulmonary tuberculosis	Auscultation	Apical pulmonary tuberculosis
Frédéricq-Thompson Sign17,18	1850,1851	Red to blue color streak observed on the gums, particularly near the upper and lower incisors and molars	Observation	Extrapulmonary (oral) tuberculosis
Roque Sign19	1869	Presence of unilateral dilation of the pupil in tuberculous involving the thorax	Observation	Tuberculosis with bronchial lymphadenopathy, pneumonia, pleurisy, and pericarditis
Smith Sign22	1875	Murmur auscultated over the manubrium when the patient’s neck is fully extended	Auscultation	Bronchial lymphadenopathy
Skeer Sign25	1887	Small yellowish-brown circular rings in the iris, adjacent to the pupil, in patients with tuberculous meningitis	Observation	Ocular tuberculosis meningitis
Jürgensen Sign28	1895	Presence of subcrepitant rales in catarrhal pneumonia, distinguishing it from other conditions, such as tuberculosis	Auscultation	Pulmonary tuberculosis
Murat Sign30	1899	Palpable vibratory sensation over the chest during speech, occurring in both early and later stages of tuberculosis	Observation	Apical tuberculosis
Burghart Sign33	1900	Rales located at the base of the lung between the midclavicular and anterior axillary lines	Auscultation	Pulmonary infiltrates
Roussel Sign35	1900	Tenderness below the clavicle, identified through percussion, extending from the clavicle to the third or fourth rib	Percussion	Pulmonary tuberculosis
Stocker Sign38	1901	Specific patient behavior which may suggest tuberculous meningitis	Observation	Tuberculous meningitis
Rothschild Sign40	1903	Prominence of the sternal angle in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis	Observation	Sternal angle prominence
Erni Sign42	1904	Cough induced by striking the upper chest wall around the third thoracic vertebra and scapula, indicating the presence of cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis	Percussion (indirect)	Cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis
Gröber Sign44	1905	Dilation of superficial veins in the supraclavicular fossa and upper arm during a Valsalva maneuver, often seen in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis	Observation	Cutaneous venous dilation in chest, deltoid, and supraclavicular fossa
D’Espine Sign48	1907	Specific bronchial tone heard between the seventh cervical and fifth thoracic vertebrae, indicating bronchial lymphadenopathy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis	Auscultation	Bronchial lymphadenopathy
De la Camp Sign51	1908	Detection of enlarged mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes using percussion over specific chest and spine areas	Percussion	Mediastinal and bronchial lymphadenopathy