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. 2025 Sep 16;16:1640725. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1640725

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics.

Variables Total T1 (≤0.72) T2 (0.73 - 0.82) T3 (≥0.83) P Value
N 7162 2391 2388 2383
Age, years 67.5 ± 10.9 68.9 ± 10.3 66.6 ± 10.8 66.8 ± 11.4 <0.001
Men, % 3089 (43.1) 969 (40.5) 1009 (42.3) 1111 (46.6) <0.001
Smoking, % 3089 (43.1) 969 (40.5) 1009 (42.3) 1111 (46.6) <0.001
Drinking, % 4126 (57.6) 1282 (53.6) 1376 (57.6) 1468 (61.6) <0.001
BMI, kg/m2 25.6 ± 3.5 25.5 ± 3.5 25.6 ± 3.4 25.9 ± 3.5 <0.001
SBP, mmHg 136.3 ± 19.1 136.0 ± 18.6 135.8 ± 18.3 136.9 ± 20.3 0.086
DBP, mmHg 76.8 ± 12.1 76.0 ± 11.8 77.3 ± 12.0 77.2 ± 12.5 0.002
TC, mmol/L 3.8 ± 1.0 3.7 ± 1.0 3.9 ± 1.0 3.9 ± 1.0 <0.001
TG, mmol/L 1.2 (0.9 – 1.7) 1.1 (0.8 – 1.6) 1.2 (0.9 – 1.7) 1.3 (0.9 – 1.9) <0.001
LDL-c, mmol/L 2.2 ± 0.8 2.1 ± 0.8 2.2 ± 0.9 2.2 ± 0.8 <0.001
HDL-c, mmol/L 1.1 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.3 1.1 ± 0.3 1.0 ± 0.3 <0.001
HbA1c, % 6.8 ± 1.4 7.2 ± 1.5 6.4 ± 1.0 6.7 ± 1.4 <0.001
ABG, mmol/L 6.5 ± 2.5 5.5 ± 1.3 5.9 ± 1.3 8.2 ± 3.3 <0.001
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 88.2 (74.0 – 96.5) 86.8 (71.4 – 95.3) 89.3 (77.9 – 96.7) 88.4 (72.4 – 97.5) <0.001
Antidiabetic drugs, % 2709 (37.8) 1060 (44.3) 678 (28.4) 971 (40.7) <0.001
Antihypertensive drugs, % 5481 (76.5) 1853 (77.5) 1818 (76.1) 1810 (76.0) 0.387
Hypolipidemic drugs, % 6087 (85.0) 2044 (85.5) 2071 (86.7) 1972 (82.8) <0.001
Antiplatelet drugs, % 5744 (80.2) 1942 (81.2) 1947 (81.5) 1855 (77.8) 0.002
Hypertension, % 6488 (90.6) 2173 (90.9) 2143 (89.7) 2172 (91.1) 0.210
Glucose status, % <0.001
NGR 897 (12.5) 78 (3.3) 358 (15.0) 461 (19.3) <0.001
Pre-DM 2282 (31.9) 739 (30.9) 990 (41.5) 553 (23.2) <0.001
DM 3983 (55.6) 1574 (65.8) 1040 (43.6) 1369 (57.4) <0.001
Dyslipidemia, % 6716 (93.8) 2247 (94.0) 2253 (94.3) 2216 (93.0) 0.135
HR, bpm 77.6 ± 13.5 76.5 ± 13.0 77.0 ± 13.2 79.2 ± 14.1 <0.001
ACS, % 2711 (37.9) 942 (39.4) 944 (39.5) 825 (34.6) <0.001
SHR 0.8 ± 0.2 0.6 ± 0.1 0.8 ± 0.1 1.0 ± 0.2 <0.001

Data are means ± standard deviation, numbers (%), or medians (interquartile range).

BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ABG, admission blood glucose; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, heart rate; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; SHR, stress hyperglycemia ratio; NGR, Normoglycemia; DM, diabetes mellitus.