Table 2.

Pairwise post hoc comparisons for spatial homogeneity of muscle activity between proximal and distal BFlh regions at each torque level (30%_MVC90, 60%_MVC90, and 90%_MVC90) and MTU length (short, medium, long), during isometric knee flexion contractions. Negative mean differences indicate lower spatial homogeneity in the proximal region compared to the distal region

		Mean difference	SE	t	Cohen’s d	Pholm
Torque levels
Proximal 30%MVC90	Distal 30%MVC90	− 0.222	0.037	− 6.026	− 1.779	0.001
Proximal 60%MVC90	Distal 60%MVC90	− 0.174	0.037	− 4.705	− 1.389	0.006
Proximal 90%MVC90	Distal 90%MVC90	− 0.177	0.037	− 4.804	− 1.418	0.006
MTU lengths
Proximal S	Distal S	− 0.104	0.044	− 2.365	− 0.836	0.203
Proximal M	Distal M	− 0.222	0.044	− 5.024	− 1.777	< 0.001
Proximal L	Distal L	− 0.247	0.044	− 5.581	− 1.974	< 0.001

Standard error (SE), t-statistic (t), Effect size (Cohen’s d), Adjusted p values (Pholm)

Short MTU (S), medium MTU (M), and long MTU (L)

90% of maximum voluntary contraction knee flexion torque (MVC90)