Table 2.

Model parameter definitions and specifications.

Parameter symbol	Physical meaning	Value range	Justification source
µij	Intrinsic collaboration drift rate	[0, 1.0]	Empirical collaboration data
λijk	Network coupling strength coefficient	[0, 0.5]	Newman (2003) network analysis
σ0	Baseline environmental noise intensity	[0.01, 0.1]	SDE stability requirements
σ1	State-dependent noise coefficient	[0, 0.2]	Theoretical assumption
σ2	Network-mediated noise parameter	[0, 0.15]	Barabási-Albert model
γ	Collaboration decay rate	[0.05, 0.3]	Academic persistence studies
β	Network feedback strength	[0.1, 0.8]	Control theory principles
α	External influence sensitivity	[0, 1.0]	Institutional data calibration