Table 2.
PRS and their association with the MS disease progression.
| Sr. No. | Variables | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | PRS | - Utilization of GWAS summary data - Enables the prediction of genetic susceptibility to certain diseases |
[15] |
| 2. | Calculation steps | -Selection of single SNPs -Evaluation of their effect sizes -Application of appropriate weighting -Calculation of PRS |
[199-202] |
| 3. | Utility in assessing MS risk | -Determine an individual's genetic susceptibility to MS -Assisting in the evaluation and control of associated risks |
[204] |
| 4. | Predictive power | ↑PRS score indicates ↑MS risk -No guarantee of disease development |
[206] |
| 5. | Early identification | -Aids in early MS risk identification -Enables preventive measures and lifestyle modifications. |
[214] |
| 6. | DMTs | -Early initiation of DMTs based on high PRS -Optimized therapeutic outcomes and reduced disability |
[218] |
| 7. | Clinical trial design | -Enrichment of clinical trial populations - Facilitates the study of treatment effects and guides personalized care |
[208] |
| 8. | Counselling and education | -Contributes to genetic counselling -Enables family planning decisions and informed patient education |
[225] |
| 9. | Precision medicine | -Guides personalized treatments -Risk management -Clinical trial design and personalized medicine |
[234] |
| 10. | Considerations | -Should be combined with clinical evaluation and other factors for comprehensive risk assessment | [204] |
Note: A concise overview of the several stages encompassed in the computation of PRS, as well as its significance in evaluating the risk of MS. Additionally, the table highlights the predictive capacity of PRS and its potential for early identification and the development of disease-modifying treatments. Moreover, the chart underscores the influence of PRS on the design of clinical trials, genetic counselling, and educational initiatives, and its role in advancing precision medicine.
Abbreviations: PRS: Polygenic risk score, GWAS: Genome-wide association studies, SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism, DMT: Disease-modifying therapy, MS: Multiple sclerosis.