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. 2025 Sep 29;16:525. doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04606-w

Table 2.

Demographic characteristics of the patients. VAS: visual analogue scale; ODI: Oswestry disability index; LBP: low back pain; BMI: body mass index; HTN: hypertension;

Patients P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
Age (y) 38 20 49 47 37
Gender Male Male Female Female Male
Affected Disc L4-L5 L5-S1 L4-L5 L4-L5 L5-S1
History of LBP (y) 4 2 5 4 3
Comorbidities None None HTN HTN None
VAS score at baseline 7 8 7 5 6
ODI score at baseline 38 30 34 60 32
BMI 32.3 24.5 33.6 34.1 31.8
Pfirmann grade at baseline 5 6 5 5 6