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. 2025 Sep 17;15:1653602. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1653602

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Copyright © 2025 Zou, Wang, Wei, Bai, Wang, Qu, Zhong and Gao.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bar and line graph showing bacterial load against the number of cases and detection rate. Bars represent cases with loads: High (4), Medium (54), Low (103), Very Low (25). The line represents detection rates: High (100%), Medium (96.3%), Low (91.3%), and Very Low (72%). — Detection rate of LAMP assay at different bacterial loads compared with Xpert ^a. ^aSputum specimens positive by GeneXpert were stratified into High, Medium, Low, and Very Low categories. Detection rates of the LAMP assay were calculated for each category.