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. 2025 Jul 4;12(10):nwaf268. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf268

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© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Correlated characterization of La₃Ni₂O_7–δ in DACs. (a) The La₃Ni₂O_7–δ and La₂PrNi₂O₇ samples are wrapped in the pressure transmitting medium (PTM; silicone oil or KBr) inside the DAC sample chamber. Correlated measurements of NV-based quantum sensing and Raman spectra are performed to reveal the pressure gradient, magnetic distribution and vibration mode of the samples. This provides a direct method to study the Meissner effect of superconductors under pressure. For in situ magnetic field and pressure measurement, diamond anvils ([111]-crystal cut) with a layer of shallow NV centers are used, and a gold antenna is placed between the anvil culet and the PTM to transmit the microwave signal. (b) Bright-field image of the diamond culet after loading sample A with 20 GPa. The sample is outlined by a white dashed line.