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[Preprint]. 2025 Sep 25:arXiv:2509.21165v1. [Version 1]

Roadmap towards Personalized Approaches and Safety Considerations in Non-Ionizing Radiation: From Dosimetry to Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications

Ilkka Laakso, Margarethus Marius Paulides, Sachiko Kodera, Seungyoung Ahn, Christopher L Brace, Marta Cavagnaro, Ji Chen, Zhi-De Deng, Valerio De Santis, Yinliang Diao, Lourdes Farrugia, Mauro Feliziani, Serena Fiocchi, Francesco Fioranelli, Takashi Hikage, Sergey Makaroff, Maya Mizuno, Alexander Opitz, Emma Pickwell-MacPherson, Punit Prakash, Dario B Rodrigues, Kensuke Sasaki, Takuya Sakamoto, Zachary Taylor, Hubregt J Visser, Desmond T B Yeo, Akimasa Hirata
PMCID: PMC12486058  PMID: 41040805

Abstract

This roadmap provides a comprehensive and forward-looking perspective on the individualized application and safety of non-ionizing radiation (NIR) dosimetry in diagnostic and therapeutic medicine. Covering a wide range of frequencies, i.e., from low-frequency to terahertz, this document provides an overview of the current state of the art and anticipates future research needs in selected key topics of NIR-based medical applications. It also emphasizes the importance of personalized dosimetry, rigorous safety evaluation, and interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure safe and effective integration of NIR technologies in modern therapy and diagnosis.

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101 pages, 5 figures


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