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. 2025 Sep 17;13:1681282. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2025.1681282

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Current challenges and future perspectives are compared in a chart. Current challenges include catalyst deactivation, side reactions, high energy demand, and limited penetration depth. Future perspectives focus on fine nickel particles, kinetics and mechanisms, integration with renewables, and novel reactor design. — Current challenges and future perspective of microwave-assisted DRM.