Table 1.
Sample statistics
| Variable (Values) | N | Mean (SD) or % | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1,738 | 44 (14) | 18 | 93 |
| Sex | 1,738 | 0 | 1 | |
| Male (0) | 1,479 | 85.1 | ||
| Female (1) | 259 | 14.9 | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | 1,738 | 0 | 3 | |
| White (0) | 1050 | 60.41 | ||
| Black (1) | 560 | 32.22 | ||
| Hispanic (2) | 84 | 4.83 | ||
| Other Race/Ethnicity (3) | 44 | 2.53 | ||
| Length of Stay | 1,738 | 0 | 1 | |
| 17 Days and Under (0) | 907 | 52.19 | ||
| Over 17 Days (1) | 831 | 47.81 | ||
| Custody Status | 1,738 | 0 | 1 | |
| Not Convicted (0) | 1,381 | 79.46 | ||
| Convicted (1) | 357 | 20.54 | ||
| Distance to Bus | 1,707 | 0 | 2 | |
| Under 1 Mile (0) | 817 | 47.86 | ||
| 1–2 Miles (1) | 222 | 13.01 | ||
| 2 + Miles (2) | 668 | 39.13 | ||
| Distance to Highway | 1,707 | 0 | 2 | |
| Under 1 Mile (0) | 1,081 | 63.33 | ||
| 1–2 Miles (1) | 358 | 20.97 | ||
| 2 + Miles (2) | 268 | 15.7 | ||
| Hospital Distance | 1,707 | 0 | 2 | |
| Under 1 Mile (0) | 405 | 23.73 | ||
| 1–2 Miles (1) | 387 | 22.67 | ||
| 2 + Miles (2) | 915 | 53.6 | ||
| Medicaid Expansion | 1,707 | 0 | 1 | |
| No (0) | 817 | 47.86 | ||
| Yes (1) | 890 | 52.14 | ||
| Facility Security Level | 1,707 | 0 | 2 | |
| Minimum (0) | 52 | 3.05 | ||
| Medium (1) | 1,569 | 91.92 | ||
| Maximum (2) | 86 | 5.04 | ||
| Overcrowded | 1,707 | 0 | 1 | |
| Not Overcrowded (0) | 968 | 56.71 | ||
| Overcrowded (1) | 739 | 43.29 | ||
| Facility Construction | 1,707 | 0 | 1 | |
| Before Crime Bill (0) | 1,385 | 81.14 | ||
| After Crime Bill (1) | 322 | 18.86 | ||
| Death Penalty | 1,707 | 0 | 1 | |
| No (0) | 691 | 40.48 | ||
| Yes (1) | 1,016 | 59.52 | ||
| Civil War Affiliation | 1,707 | 0 | 3 | |
| Confederacy (0) | 548 | 32.1 | ||
| Unincorporated (1) | 190 | 11.13 | ||
| Union (2) | 838 | 49.09 | ||
| Border (3) | 131 | 7.67 | ||
| Urbanicity | 1,707 | 0 | 5 | |
| Large Central Metro (0) | 331 | 19.39 | ||
| Large Fringe Metro (1) | 417 | 24.43 | ||
| Medium Metro (2) | 560 | 32.81 | ||
| Small Metro (3) | 258 | 15.11 | ||
| Micropolitan (4) | 104 | 6.09 | ||
| Non-core (5) | 37 | 2.17 | ||
| Median Household Income | 1,707 | 55,844.78 (14,024.25) | 26,841 | 121,133 |
| Opioid Dispense Rate | 1,707 | 83.69 (33.85) | 18.6 | 240.6 |
| Drug-related Death v All Other Death | 0 | 1 | ||
| All other Death (0) | 1,570 | 90.33 | ||
| Drug-related Death (1) | 168 | 9.67 | ||
| Opioid-related Death v All Other Death | 1,738 | 0 | 1 | |
| All other Death (0) | 1,651 | 94.99 | ||
| Opioid-related Death (1) | 87 | 5.01 | ||
| Opioid-related Death v Drug-related Death | 171 | 0 | 1 | |
| Drug-related Death (0) | 84 | 49.12 | ||
| Opioid-related Death (1) | 87 | 50.88 | ||
| Drug Death Rate | 1,707 | 35.54 (116) | 0 | 1,785 |
| Opioid Death Rate | 1,707 | 16.54 (84.24) | 0 | 1,785 |