Table 2.
Comparison of maternal and neonatal outcomes based on first-trimester IMH status
| Outcome | Euthyroid (n = 35,733) |
IMH (n = 2,001) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal outcomes | |||
| GDM, n (%) | 3,653 (10.2%) | 359 (17.9%) | < 0.001* |
| OGTT (mmol/L) | |||
| 0 h | 4.1 (3.9–4.4) | 4.2 (3.9–4.5) | < 0.001* |
| 1 h | 7.7 (7.1–8.5) | 7.9 (7.4–9.1) | < 0.001* |
| 2 h | 6.2 (5.4–7.1) | 6.5 (5.6–7.5) | < 0.001* |
| Gestational hypertension, n (%) | 1,016 (2.8%) | 63 (3.1%) | 0.411 |
| Preeclampsia, n (%) | 710 (2.0%) | 72 (3.6%) | < 0.001* |
| Delivery outcomes | |||
| Placenta previa, n (%) | 203 (0.6%) | 5 (0.2%) | 0.062 |
| Emergency CS, n (%) | 2,157 (6.0%) | 159 (7.9%) | 0.001* |
| Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%) | 314 (0.9%) | 24 (1.2%) | 0.138 |
| Neonatal outcomes | |||
| Premature delivery, n (%) | 1,684 (4.7%) | 128 (6.4%) | < 0.001* |
| Fetal distress, n (%) | 1,555 (4.3%) | 176 (8.7%) | < 0.001* |
| Low Apgar score, n (%) | 316 (0.9%) | 29 (1.4%) | 0.013* |
| LBW, n (%) | 963 (2.6%) | 72 (3.5%) | 0.022* |
| Macrosomia, n (%) | 2,174 (5.9%) | 208 (10.4%) | < 0.001* |
| Fetal development (mm) | |||
| Biparietal diameter (BPD) | 91.8 ± 4.1 | 91.8 ± 4.4 | 0.464 |
| Head Circumference (HC) | 306.9 ± 38.8 | 311.7 ± 21.5 | < 0.001* |
| Femur Length (FL) | 67.0 (64.0–69.0) | 68.0 (64.0–70.0) | 0.009* |
| Humerus Length (HL) | 59.0 (56.0–61.0) | 59.0 (56.0–61.0) | < 0.001* |
| Transverse Abdominal Diameter (TAD) | 98.0 (92.0-103.0) | 99.0 (93.0-104.0) | 0.002* |
Continuous variables with normal distribution are expressed as mean±SD and compared using the independent samples t-test. Non-normally distributed variables are presented as median (interquartile range) and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test
Abbreviations GDM Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, LBW Low birth weight, CS cesarean section, IMH isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia
*P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant