Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and virological recovery levels of 7689 participants stratified by sex
| Variables | Category | Total (n (%)) | Participants Sex | χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n (%)) | Female (n (%)) | |||||
| Sex | 7689 (100) | 2734 (35.6%) | 4955 (64.4%) | |||
| Baseline viral load level (VL) after 24 weeks on ART |
Not suppressed (≥ 1000 cps/mL) Suppressed (< 1000 cps/mL) |
1082 (14.1) 6607 (85.9) |
475 (17.4) 2259 (82.6) |
607 (12.3) 4348 (87.7) |
4.15 | 0.04 |
| Most recent viral load level (> 48 weeks on ART) |
Not suppressed (≥ 1000 cps/mL) Suppressed (< 1000 cps/mL) |
703 (9.1) 6986 (90.9) |
342 (12.5) 2392 (87.5) |
361 (7.3) 4594 (92.7) |
5.78 | 0.05 |
| Virological recovery |
Recovered (persistently suppressed) Not-recovered (fail to-suppressed persistently) |
6986 (90.9) 703 (9.1) |
2392 (87.5) 342 (12.5) |
4594 (92.7) 361 (7.3) |
5.78 | 0.001 |
| CD4+ count at base line |
< 200 cells/ mm3 201–500 cells/mm3 > 501 cells/ mm3 |
2144 (27.9) 4480 (58.3) 1065 (13.9) |
859 (31.4) 1513 (55.3) 362 (13.2) |
1285 (25.9) 2967 (59.9) 703 (14.2) |
2. 64 | < 0.001 |
| Most Recent CD4+ count |
< 200 cells/mm3 201–500 cells/ mm3 > 501 cells/ mm3 |
1135 (14.8) 4004 (52.1) 2550 (33.2) |
408 (14.9) 1509 (55.2) 817 (29.9) |
727 (14.7) 2495 (50.4) 1733 (35) |
2.17 | < 0.001 |
| WHO stage at base line |
T3/T4 T1/T2 |
4462 (58) 3227 (42) |
1634 (59.8) 1100 (40.2) |
2828 (57.1) 2147 (42.9) |
5.24 | 0.022 |
| Most recent WHO stage |
T3/T4 T1/T2 |
892 (11.6) 6797 (88.4) |
209 (7.6) 2525 (92.2) |
683 (13.8) 4272 (86.2) |
6.47 | < 0.001 |
| Current adherence level to ART |
Poor (< 85%) Fair (85–95%) Good (> 95%) |
589 (7.7) 1461 (19) 5639 (73.3) |
910 (18.4) 551 (20.2) 1993 (72.9) |
399 (8.1) 910 (62.3) 3646 (73.6) |
5.87 | 0.053 |
| History of lost to follow up (LTF) |
Yes No |
1898 (24.7) 5791 (75.3) |
741 (27.1) 1993 (72.9) |
1157 (23.4) 3798 (76.6) |
13.3 | < 0.001 |
| Dose Baseline ART drug combination changed? |
Yes No |
5949 (77.4) 1740 (22.7) |
2305 (84.3) 429 (15.7) |
3644 (73.5) 1311 (26.5) |
7.44 | 0.006 |
| Why base line ART drug combination is changed? |
Side effect/ Toxicity Availability of new drugs Drug stock-out Due to TB co-infection Treatment failure Age transition Increase in BMI |
342 (5.8) 4297 (71.9) 381 (6.4) 75 (1.3) 693 (11.6) 171 (2.9) 19 (0.3) |
95 (4.1) 1752 (75.1) 96 (4.1) 19 (0.8) 258 (11.1) 95 (4.1) 19 (0.8) |
247 (6.8) 2545 (69.8) 285 (7.8) 56 (1.5) 437 (11.9) 76 (2.1) - |
11.6a | < 0.001 |
| Current ART Regiment | 1st line | 7020 (91.3) | 2483 (90.8) | 4537 (91.6) | ||
| 2nd line | 669 (8.7) | 251 (9.2) | 418 (8.4) | 1.23 | 0.27 | |
| Adult Base line ART drug combination |
1a (d4T + 3TC + NVP) 1b (d4T + 3TC + EFV) 1c (AZT + 3TC + NVP) 1d (AZT + 3TC + EFV) 1e (TDF + 3TC + EFV) 1f (TDF + 3TC + NVP) |
1555 (21.6) 133 (1.8) 2373 (32.9) 399 (5.5) 2317 (32.1) 437 (6.1) |
607 (25.4) 38 (1.6) 797 (33.3) 247 (10.3) 570 (23.8) 133 (5.6) |
948 (19.7) 95 (2.0) 1576 (32.7) 152 (3.2) 1747 (36.2) 304 (6.3) |
14.7 | 0.011 |
| Subjects current ART drug combination |
1 J (TDF + 3TC + DTG) 1f (TDF + 3TC + NVP) 1e (TDF + 3TC + EFV) 1d (AZT + 3TC + EFV) 1c (AZT + 3TC + NVP) 1a (d4T + 3TC + NVP) ABC + 3TC + DTG (FDC) 2 h (TDF + 3TC + ATV/r) 2f (AZT + 3TC + ATV/r) |
4137 (53.8) 57 (0.7) 2108 (27.4) 285 (3.7) 323 (4.2) 19 (0.2) 95 (1.2) 133 (1.7) 532 (6.9) |
1670 (61.1) 38 (1.4) 361 (13.2) 152 (5.6) 171 (6.3) 0 (0) 95 (3.5) 57 (2.1) 190 (6.9) |
2467 (49.8) 19 (0.4) 1747 (35.3) 133 (2.7) 152 (3.1) 19 (0.4) 0 (0) 76 (1.5) 342 (6.9) |
6.48 | < 0.001 |
| Child 1st line drug combination |
4a (d4T + 3TC + NVP) 4b (d4T + 3TC + EFV) 4c (AZT + 3TC + NVP) 4d (AZT + 3TC + EFV) |
114 (24.0) 95 (20) 171 (36) 95 (27.8) |
95 (27.8) 19 (5.6) 133 (38.9) 95 (100) |
19 (14.3) 76 (57.1) 38 (28.6) 0 (0) |
17.4 | < 0.001 |
| Age at ART initiation |
> 46 years 16–30 years 31–45 years 1–15 years |
779 (10.1) 3360 (43.7) 2923 (38) 627 (8.2) |
418 (15.3) 702 (25.7) 1215 (44.4) 399 (14. 6) |
361 (7.3) 2658 (53.6) 1708 (34.5) 228 (4.6) |
6.9 | < 0.001 |
| Current age |
> 53 years 19–35 years 36–52 years 3–18 years |
2449 (31.9) 1273 (16. 6) 3416 (44.4) 551 (7.2) |
1101 (40.3) 190 (6.9) 1082 (39.6) 361 (13.2) |
1348 (27.2) 1083 (21.9) 2334 (47.1) 190 (3.8) |
6.88 | < 0.001 |
| Time on ART |
> 13 years 4–6 years 7–9 years 10–12 years 6 months–3 years |
2732 (35.5) 1101 (14.3) 1405 (18.3) 1995 (25.9) 456 (5.9) |
1044 (38.2) 437 (16) 436 (15.9) 722 (26.4) 95 (3.5) |
1688 (34.1) 664 (13.4) 969 (19.6) 1273 (25.7) 361 (7.3) |
5.69 | < 0.001 |
Note: (a) represents for 5 cells (35.7%) have expected count less than 5; ART: Anti-retroviral Therapy; BMI: body mass index