Table 2.
The averages of biological age (BA) and its differences with chronological age (CA) by tertile of the dietary inflammatory index (DII), NHANES 1999–2018
| Variables | Heart BA | Heart BA difference (BA-CA) | Liver BA | Liver BA difference (BA-CA) | Kidney BA | Kidney BA difference (BA-CA) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | P | Mean (SD) | P | Mean (SD) | P | Mean (SD) | P | Mean (SD) | P | Mean (SD) | P | ||||||
| DII | 44.98(19.89) | -0.61(11.58) | 43.26(28.48) | -2.33(23.26) | 45.09(19.09) | -0.50(11.20) | |||||||||||
| DIIQ | 0.97 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.34 | |||||||||||
| Q1 | 44.97(18.42) | -1.55(11.34) | 39.79(27.22) | -6.74(21.93) | 45.83(17.58) | -0.70(10.06) | |||||||||||
| Q2 | 45.06(19.97) | -0.30(11.37) | 43.76(28.59) | -1.60(23.09) | 45.10(18.89) | -0.26(10.75) | |||||||||||
| Q3 | 44.91(21.44) | 0.19(12.00) | 46.88(29.35) | 2.16(24.04) | 44.18(20.94) | -0.54(12.84) | |||||||||||
| Age (years) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||||||||
| < 30 | 22.73(9.14) | -0.62(8.59) | 19.39(23.93) | -3.96(23.54) | 25.15(9.07) | 1.80(8.59) | |||||||||||
| 30–60 | 44.91(14.91) | -0.05(11.80) | 43.56(24.60) | -1.39(23.45) | 43.64(12.77) | -1.32(10.27) | |||||||||||
| ≥ 60 | 65.91(13.92) | -1.91(13.26) | 64.80(22.86) | -3.02(22.41) | 67.08(15.54) | -0.73(14.62) | |||||||||||
| Sex | 0.12 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||||||||
| female | 44.64(21.10) | -1.67(11.43) | 50.51(25.69) | 4.19(22.63) | 43.42(18.64) | -2.90(10.60) | |||||||||||
| male | 45.34(18.51) | 0.52(11.63) | 35.58(29.27) | -9.24(21.88) | 46.85(19.40) | 2.03(11.25) | |||||||||||
| Education lever | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.09 | |||||||||||
| college or higher | 43.52(18.93) | -1.57(11.03) | 41.54(27.61) | -3.55(22.52) | 44.75(18.54) | -0.34(10.85) | |||||||||||
| high school | 46.85(21.10) | 0.72(11.83) | 45.05(29.10) | -1.07(24.00) | 45.54(19.33) | -0.58(11.30) | |||||||||||
| below high school | 48.06(21.14) | 1.27(12.89) | 47.50(30.36) | 0.71(24.63) | 45.76(20.84) | -1.04 (12.35) | |||||||||||
| Race | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||||||||
| Mexican | 40.17(19.70) | 0.83(11.03) | 37.67(28.62) | -1.67(22.76) | 38.11(17.94) | -1.23(10.85) | |||||||||||
| black | 44.36(21.20) | 1.83(12.62) | 52.17(29.61) | 9.64(25.50) | 43.93(21.04) | 1.40(14.18) | |||||||||||
| white | 46.23(19.55) | -1.26(11.38) | 43.26(28.00) | -4.23(22.34) | 46.81(20.60) | -0.68(10.65) | |||||||||||
| other Hispanic | 42.32(20.06) | 0.32(11.92) | 41.45(28.07) | -0.56(22.56) | 41.57(17.79) | -0.44(10.68) | |||||||||||
| other | 41.97(19.68) | -0.57(11.51) | 37.83(28.09) | -4.72(23.63) | 41.64(18.17) | -0.90(11.57) | |||||||||||
| PIR | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.19 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.23 | |||||||||||
| < 1 | 40.55(21.33) | 0.85(12.06) | 42.05(32.06) | 2.35(26.02) | 38.89(19.64) | -0.81(11.87) | |||||||||||
| ≥ 1 | 45.76(19.52) | -0.86(11.47) | 43.47(27.80) | -3.15(22.64) | 46.18(18.79 | -0.45(11.07) | |||||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||||||||
| < 25 | 38.15(19.88) | -3.13(11.20) | 33.74(28.85) | -8.23(22.53) | 38.84(19.04) | -3.13(11.20) | |||||||||||
| ≥ 25 | 48.22(19.06) | 0.74(10.98) | 47.77(27.16) | 0.46(23.08) | 48.05(18.39) | 0.74(10.98) | |||||||||||
| Smoking | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||||||||
| former | 52.35(18.75) | -0.57(11.98) | 48.83(28.03) | -4.09(22.99) | 52.90(19.37) | -0.02(12.96) | |||||||||||
| never | 42.69(19.97) | -0.98(11.22) | 41.09(27.98) | -2.58(22.75) | 43.52(18.92) | -0.16(11.11) | |||||||||||
| now | 42.40(18.88) | 0.30(11.96) | 42.42(29.40) | 0.31(24.57) | 40.17(16.42) | -1.93(10.09) | |||||||||||
| Drinking | < 0.01 | 0.47 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.06 | |||||||||||
| former | 52.65(19.85) | -0.29(13.41) | 51.51(27.20) | -1.42(23.03) | 51.65(20.36) | -1.28(13.16) | |||||||||||
| never | 45.33(22.81) | -0.33(11.74) | 46.06(29.57) | 0.40(23.30) | 44.81(22.67) | -0.84(14.44) | |||||||||||
| now | 43.58(19.11) | -0.70(11.22) | 41.39(28.25) | -2.89(23.26) | 43.97(18.03) | -0.31(10.23) | |||||||||||
| Physical activity | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.73 | |||||||||||
| no | 49.49(21.30) | 0.27(12.70) | 51.10(29.77) | 1.88(24.71) | 48.64(21.34) | -0.58(13.29) | |||||||||||
| yes | 43.38(19.11) | -0.92(11.14) | 40.47(27.48) | -3.83(22.53) | 43.82(18.06) | -0.47(10.35) | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||||||||
| no | 37.04(16.24) | -3.08(9.31) | 36.92(26.94) | -3.20(22.37) | 39.00(15.93) | -1.12(9.21) | |||||||||||
| yes | 59.32(17.73) | 3.85(13.74) | 54.71(27.60) | -0.75(24.70) | 56.08(19.41) | 0.62(14.02) | |||||||||||
| CKD | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||||||||
| no | 43.03(18.75) | -1.04(10.66) | 40.87(27.21) | -3.20(22.43) | 42.63(16.05) | -1.43(8.83) | |||||||||||
| yes | 59.35(22.04) | 2.55(16.53) | 60.85(31.33) | 4.06(27.82) | 63.14(27.96) | 6.35(20.54) | |||||||||||
| DM | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |||||||||||
| no | 41.91(18.47) | -1.68(10.37) | 40.47(27.68) | -3.12(22.70) | 42.70(17.58) | -0.88(10.01) | |||||||||||
| yes | 64.06(17.64) | 6.02(15.75) | 60.58(27.23) | 2.54(25.94) | 59.91(21.30) | 1.87(16.58) | |||||||||||
BA: biological age; CA: chronological age; DII: dietary inflammatory index; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DM: Diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; PIR: Poverty income ratio