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. 2025 Sep 30;25:3227. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24407-3

Table 2.

The morbidity and mortality burden of hepatoblastoma among the 21 GBD regions, percentage change and estimated annual percent change between 1990 and 2021

Incidence Deaths
Number ASR Number ASR
1990 2021 PC 1990 2021 EAPC 1990 2021 PC 1990 2021 EAPC
Africa
North and Middle East

494.49

(363.20, 626.77)

329.21

(258.26, 418.23)

−33.43

(−52.17, 8.36)

0.10

(0.07, 0.12)

0.05

(0.04, 0.07)

−1.47

(−1.62, −1.33)

345.12

(253.95, 439.81)

207.81

(163.13, 264.61)

−39.78

(−56.73, −2.33)

0.07

(0.05, 0.09)

0.03

(0.03, 0.04)

−1.82

(−1.94, −1.69)

Central Sub-Saharan

149.69

(80.52, 236.45)

96.54

(43.07, 177.06)

−35.50

(−68.31, 67.84)

0.15

(0.08, 0.23)

0.05

(0.02, 0.08)

−3.73

(−3.92, −3.53)

106.51

(57.59, 169.19)

67.95

(30.54, 128.14)

−36.20

(−68.81, 65.85)

0.10

(0.06, 0.17)

0.03

(0.01, 0.06)

−3.77

(−3.97, −3.57)

Southern Sub-Saharan

32.96

(21.31, 44.96)

39.65

(27.76, 53.36)

20.32

(−22.38, 97.24)

0.04

(0.03, 0.06)

0.05

(0.03, 0.07)

0.12

(−0.17, 0.41)

23.09

(14.89, 31.96)

27.78

(19.73, 37.25)

20.35

(−22.74, 97.80)

0.03

(0.02, 0.04)

0.03

(0.02, 0.05)

0.11

(−0.19, 0.41)

Western Sub-Saharan

728.20

(528.23, 958.65)

823.63

(590.15, 1092.90)

13.11

(−17.72, 54.54)

0.20

(0.14, 0.26)

0.10

(0.07, 0.14)

−2.13

(−2.25, −2.01)

512.58

(372.73, 672.85)

570.57

(412.61, 754.29)

11.31

(−18.83, 51.85)

0.14

(0.10, 0.18)

0.07

(0.05, 0.09)

−2.19

(−2.31, −2.06)

Eastern Sub-Saharan

570.58

(389.58, 750.81)

509.77

(296.93, 887.71)

−10.66

(−49.19, 83.09)

0.16

(0.11, 0.21)

0.08

(0.05, 0.14)

−2.08

(−2.19, −1.97)

403.16

(275.32, 530.64)

356.09

(208.91, 622.67)

−11.67

(−49.56, 81.55)

0.11

(0.08, 0.15)

0.06

(0.03, 0.10)

−2.12

(−2.23, −2.01)

America
Caribbean

11.54

(7.37, 16.70)

7.09

(4.67, 11.03)

−38.55

(−57.90, −8.87)

0.03

(0.02, 0.04)

0.02

(0.01, 0.03)

−1.23

(−1.45, −1.01)

8.04

(5.10, 11.68)

4.79

(3.13, 7.50)

−40.45

(−59.43, −11.22)

0.02

(0.01, 0.03)

0.01

(0.01, 0.02)

−1.34

(−1.57, −1.11)

Southern Latin America

3.49

(3.00, 4.03)

3.86

(3.15, 4.63)

10.57

(−14.73, 42.22)

0.01

(0.01, 0.01)

0.01

(0.01, 0.01)

1.47

(1.20, 1.75)

2.35

(2.02, 2.72)

2.14

(1.76, 2.58)

−8.86

(−29.44, 17.48)

0.00

(0.00,

0.01)

0.00

(0.00,

0.01)

0.69

(0.42,

0.96)

Andean Latin America

39.48

(28.35, 51.85)

15.54

(10.45, 22.40)

−60.62

(−76.25, −30.42)

0.07

(0.05,

0.10)

0.03

(0.02,

0.04)

−3.52

(−3.80,

−3.23)

27.72

(19.96, 36.48)

9.92

(6.85, 14.44)

−64.22

(−78.28, −38.00)

0.05

(0.04, 0.07)

0.02

(0.01, 0.02)

−3.84

(−4.10, −3.58)

Tropical Latin America

78.10

(67.55, 92.00)

39.92

(30.90, 48.91)

−48.88

(−61.65, −34.99)

0.05

(0.04, 0.05)

0.02

(0.02, 0.03)

−1.72

(−2.05, −1.38)

54.33

(47.04, 64.17)

25.65

(19.81, 31.37)

−52.79

(−64.50, −39.98)

0.03

(0.03, 0.04)

0.02

(0.01, 0.02)

−1.94

(−2.29, −1.59)

High-income North America

109.95

(107.09, 112.97)

179.17

(159.52, 200.12)

62.95

(44.76, 81.67)

0.05

(0.05, 0.05)

0.09

(0.08, 0.10)

2.10

(1.83, 2.36)

37.60

(36.71, 38.49)

44.73

(40.18, 49.66)

18.95

(6.09, 31.97)

0.02

(0.02, 0.02)

0.02

(0.02, 0.02)

1.04

(0.91, 1.17)

Central Latin America

174.99

(162.17, 191.07)

86.24

(66.40, 112.87)

−50.72

(−62.46, −33.64)

0.08

(0.07, 0.08)

0.04

(0.03, 0.06)

−1.54

(−1.69, −1.39)

122.06

(113.18, 133.02)

54.97

(42.52, 71.12)

−54.96

(−65.42, −40.58)

0.05

(0.05, 0.06)

0.03

(0.02, 0.04)

−1.84

(−1.99, −1.70)

Asia
East Asia

2315.21

(1923.65, 2834.26)

565.79

(401.57, 801.91)

−75.56

(−83.05, −64.71)

0.20

(0.17, 0.25)

0.08

(0.05, 0.11)

−3.84

(−4.30, −3.38)

1600.79

(1334.50, 1955.01)

221.61

(160.34, 309.45)

−86.16

(−90.39, −79.85)

0.14

(0.12, 0.17)

0.03

(0.02, 0.04)

−5.87

(−6.42, −5.32)

Southeast Asia

649.44

(434.90, 832.71)

252.42

(185.72, 346.57)

−61.13

(−71.27, −45.05)

0.11

(0.07, 0.14)

0.04

(0.03, 0.06)

−2.85

(−3.00, −2.70)

452.62

(303.40, 581.36)

163.83

(121.81, 226.13)

−63.81

(−73.08, −48.75)

0.08

(0.05, 0.10)

0.03

(0.02, 0.04)

−3.10

(−3.23, −2.97)

Central Asia

114.69

(93.85, 143.67)

42.42

(31.03, 56.76)

−63.01

(−74.19, −48.45)

0.12

(0.10, 0.15)

0.04

(0.03, 0.06)

−3.31

(−3.47, −3.15)

79.13

(64.84, 99.36)

28.04

(20.52, 37.26)

−64.56

(−75.29, −50.80)

0.08

(0.07, 0.11)

0.03

(0.02, 0.04)

−3.49

(−3.63, −3.35)

High-income Asia Pacific

100.06

(83.56, 118.87)

37.63

(33.08, 44.48)

−62.39

(−69.91, −52.29)

0.10

(0.08, 0.11)

0.06

(0.05 ,0.07)

−1.82

(−2.56, −1.07)

47.07

(36.27, 59.14)

8.55

(7.62, 9.92)

−81.84

(−86.19, −75.23)

0.04

(0.03, 0.06)

0.01

(0.01, 0.02)

−4.30

(−4.72, −3.88)

South Asia

1177.67

(706.70, 1587.70)

815.54

(632.69, 1044.53)

−30.75

(−52.66, 27.01)

0.08

(0.04, 0.10)

0.05

(0.04, 0.07)

−1.04

(−1.15, −0.93)

833.92

(496.45, 1122.17)

559.48

(436.13, 716.62)

−32.91

(−54.23, 22.85)

0.05

(0.03, 0.07)

0.04

(0.03, 0.05)

−1.16

(−1.26, −1.06)

Europe
Eastern Europe

155.17

(144.97, 165.69)

57.70

(52.12, 63.11)

−62.81

(−66.19, −59.40)

0.09

(0.09, 0.10)

0.06

(0.05, 0.06)

−2.12

(−2.63, −1.60)

99.09

(93.00, 105.62)

25.95

(23.63, 28.27)

−73.81

(−76.12, −71.46)

0.06

(0.05, 0.06)

0.02

(0.02, 0.03)

−3.50

(−3.86, −3.13)

Central Europe

43.14

(37.20, 50.15)

8.92

(7.19, 11.04)

−79.33

(−84.37, −73.01)

0.05

(0.04, 0.05)

0.02

(0.01, 0.02)

−3.56

(−4.00, −3.11)

28.08

(24.22, 32.74)

3.52

(2.85, 4.32)

−87.48

(−90.41, −83.72)

0.03

(0.03, 0.04)

0.01

(0.01, 0.01)

−5.36

(−5.75, −4.98)

Western Europe

105.71

(100.82, 110.75)

120.09

(104.65, 136.48)

13.60

(−1.86, 30.48)

0.05

(0.04, 0.05)

0.06

(0.05, 0.07)

0.82(0.64,0.99)

40.91

(39.01, 42.92)

26.94

(23.83, 30.28)

−34.16

(−42.25, −25.28)

0.02

(0.02, 0.02)

0.01

(0.01, 0.01)

−0.81

(−1.02, −0.60)

Oceania
Oceania

2.95

(1.81, 4.87)

4.03

(2.31, 7.07)

36.88

(−31.07, 177.07)

0.03

(0.02, 0.05)

0.02

(0.01, 0.04)

−1.26

(−1.60, −0.92)

2.06

(1.28, 3.56)

2.78

(1.58, 4.85)

34.99

(−32.34, 171.80)

0.02

(0.01, 0.04)

0.01

(0.01, 0.02)

−1.30

(−1.64, −0.96)

Australasia

6.22

(5.52, 6.94)

13.27

(10.41, 16.63)

113.44

(62.18, 182.36)

0.04

(0.04, 0.05)

0.07

(0.06, 0.09)

2.04

(1.73, 2.35)

2.05

(1.82, 2.29)

3.08

(2.46, 3.79)

49.90

(16.30, 94.17)

0.01

(0.01, 0.01)

0.02

(0.01, 0.02)

1.00

(0.76, 1.23)

DALYs: disability-adjusted life years, PC: percentage change, ASR: age-standardized rate, EAPC: estimated annual percentage change