Table 2.
Description statistics of poverty vulnerability among participants (N = 18426)
| Variables | Total sample | Vulnerable to poverty (n = 3173) | Non-Vulnerable to poverty (n = 15253) |
|---|---|---|---|
| SPHI | |||
| Yes | 2305 (12.51%) | 134 (4.22%) | 2171 (14.23%) |
| No | 16,121 (87.49%) | 3039 (95.78%) | 13,082 (85.77%) |
| Age | |||
| 16–59 years old | 12,072 (65.52%) | 936 (29.50%) | 11,136 (73.01%) |
| ≥ 60 years old | 6354 (34.48%) | 2237 (70.50%) | 4117 (26.99%) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 8477 (46.01%) | 1433 (45.16%) | 7044 (46.18%) |
| Female | 9949 (53.99%) | 1740 (54.84%) | 8209 (53.82%) |
| Education level | |||
| No formal education | 3138 (17.03%) | 1250 (39.39%) | 1888 (12.38%) |
| Primary school | 4426 (24.02%) | 941 (29.66%) | 3485 (22.85%) |
| Middle school | 7128 (38.68%) | 714 (22.50%) | 6414 (42.05%) |
| High school and above | 3734 (20.27%) | 268 (7.45%) | 3466 (22.72%) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 15,641 (84.89%) | 2501 (78.82%) | 13,140 (86.15%) |
| Unmarried | 2785 (15.11%) | 672 (21.18%) | 2113 (13.85%) |
| Employment status | |||
| Employment | 10,993 (59.66%) | 1167 (36.78%) | 9826 (64.42%) |
| Unemployment | 7433 (40.34%) | 2006 (63.22%) | 5427 (35.58%) |
| Chronic disease | |||
| Yes | 5728 (31.09%) | 1414 (44.56%) | 4314 (28.28%) |
| No | 12,698 (68.91%) | 1759 (55.44%) | 10,939 (71.72%) |
| EQ5D | 0.96 (0.08) | 0.93 (0.11) | 0.97 (0.07) |
| Smoking | |||
| Yes | 4560 (24.75%) | 782 (24.65%) | 3778 (24.77%) |
| No | 13,866 (75.25%) | 2391 (75.35%) | 11,475 (75.23%) |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Yes | 5243 (28.45%) | 784 (24.71%) | 4459 (29.23%) |
| No | 13,183 (71.55%) | 2389 (75.29%) | 10,794 (70.77%) |
| Health check-up | |||
| Yes | 9073 (49.24%) | 1996 (62.91%) | 7077 (46.40%) |
| No | 9353 (50.76%) | 1177 (37.09%) | 8176 (53.60%) |
| Residence | |||
| Rural | 14,537 (78.90%) | 2548 (80.30%) | 11,989 (78.60%) |
| Urban | 3889 (21.10%) | 625 (19.70%) | 3264 (21.40%) |
| Residence region | |||
| Eastern Shandong | 7656 (41.55%) | 1457 (45.92%) | 6199 (40.64%) |
| Central Shandong | 7069 (38.36%) | 1018 (32.08%) | 6051 (39.67%) |
| Western Shandong | 3701 (20.09%) | 698 (22.00%) | 3003 (19.69%) |
| Type of drinking water | |||
| Running water | 14,299 (77.60%) | 2272 (71.60%) | 12,027 (78.85%) |
| Others | 4127 (22.40%) | 901 (28.40%) | 3226 (21.15%) |
| Sanitary latrines | |||
| Sanitary latrines | 14,986 (81.33%) | 2165 (68.23%) | 12,821 (84.06%) |
| Non-sanitary latrines | 3440 (18.67%) | 1008 (31.77%) | 2432 (15.94%) |
| Household size | 2.91 (1.30) | 2.71 (1.46) | 2.96 (1.26) |
We use mean and SD for continuous variables and frequency (n) and percentage for discrete variables; EQ5D: EuroQol-5 dimension; SPHI Supplementary private health insurance