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. 2025 Sep 30;25:3198. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24504-3

Table 3.

Results of balance tests of explanatory variables before and after PSM

Matching method P-value Pseudo R2 LR Chi2 Mean-bias Med-bias
Unmatched 0.000 0.079 1100.68 15.1 12.6
K-nearest matching (K = 1) 0.940 0.003 19.81 2.1 1.4
K-nearest matching (K = 4) 1.000 0.001 7.25 1.1 0.9
Caliper matching (caliper = 0.01) 1.000 0.000 1.34 0.5 0.4
Kernel matching 1.000 0.001 7.33 1.6 1.2