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. 2025 Jul 25;18(5):553–559. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-3127

Table 2:

Overall comparison between mean values of baseline surface microhardness (VHN1) and final surface microhardness (VHN2) using paired t-test.

Groups N VHN1
Mean± SD
VHN2
Mean± SD
Paired differences t df p-value
Mean Std. Deviation Std. error mean 95% confidence interval of the difference
Lower Upper
Group I (Control) 10 311.20 ± 15.23 51.08 ± 5.94 260.120 9.839 3.111 253.082 267.158 83.603 9 0.0005
Group II (Embrace Varnish) 10 312.88 ±11.21 242.10 ±16.93 70.780 21.824 6.901 55.168 86.392 10.256 9 0.0005
Group III (MI Varnish) 10 324.10 ±18.47 246.40 ±7.51 77.700 17.432 5.512 65.230 90.170 14.096 9 0.0005
Group IV (Profluorid Varnish) 10 320.78 ±11.17 224.52 ±9.30 96.260 10.132 3.204 89.012 103.508 30.042 9 0.0005