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. 2025 Sep 18;16:1636987. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1636987

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Copyright © 2025 McKinney, Corsmeier, Dapore, Gross, Dominick, Erickson and Schmitt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Four histograms display COI national ranks in various categories: A) Total opportunity, B) Economic, C) Health/Environment, and D) Education. Each chart includes a vertical dashed line indicating a reference point for comparison, with frequency on the vertical axis and COI rank on the horizontal axis. — Sample distribution of neighborhood opportunities for the total COI (A) and three domains (B-D). The dashed grey line reflects a COI rank of 50 (i.e., general population, national mean), and each dashed green line reflects the sample mean for each respective panel’s domain.