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. 2025 Sep 18;16:1636987. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1636987

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Copyright © 2025 McKinney, Corsmeier, Dapore, Gross, Dominick, Erickson and Schmitt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Two histograms comparing data by gender. Chart A shows deviation IQ for females and males, with a peak frequency around 70 to 80. Chart B displays Vineland ABC scores for both genders, peaking around 80. Both histograms show a normal distribution, with males generally showing a higher frequency in the middle range compared to females. — Sample distribution of deviation full-scale IQ (A) and Vineland-3 Adaptive Behavior Composite scores (B) for females (F) and males (M).