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. 2025 Sep 18;16:1636987. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1636987

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Copyright © 2025 McKinney, Corsmeier, Dapore, Gross, Dominick, Erickson and Schmitt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A heatmap representing various opportunities and their impact on FSIQ, VIQ, and NVIQ. Columns include neighborhood, economic, health/environmental, and educational opportunities. Shades of green indicate the strength of impact, with darker green signifying a stronger association. A gradient scale from zero to five is displayed on the right. — Matrix depicting the percent variance (color gradient) in full-scale IQ (FSIQ), verbal IQ (VIQ), and nonverbal IQ (NVIQ) accounted for by each COI domain and subdomain in females. Values reflect variance after accounting for FMRP expression and age. Bolded factors denote COI domains, and un-bolded factors denote COI subdomains. All associates were non-significant in females.