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. 2025 Sep 18;16:1636987. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1636987

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Copyright © 2025 McKinney, Corsmeier, Dapore, Gross, Dominick, Erickson and Schmitt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bar chart titled “Total Adaptive Behaviors” showing percentage variance by semi-partial R² for neighborhood, economic, health/environmental, and educational opportunities. Light green (COI) and dark green (FMRP) bars show values across categories like economic equity, housing, healthcare resources, safety, and educational quality. Asterisks indicate significant variance. — Stacked bar chart depicting the percent variance in total adaptive behaviors (Vineland ABC) accounted for by FMRP (dark green) and each COI domain and subdomain (light green) in males. Values reflect variance after accounting for age. Asterisks (*) denote a COI domain/subdomain significantly associated with the Vineland ABC at p <.05.